Repetition of a visual stimulus reduces the firing rate of macaque inferior temporal (IT) neurons. The neural mechanisms underlying this adaptation or repetition suppression are still unclear. In particular, we do not know how the IT circuit is affected by stimulus repetition. To address this, we measured local field potentials (LFPs) and multiunit spiking activity (MUA) simultaneously at 16 si...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of variations in the settings for minimum stimulation levels on speech understanding for adult cochlear implant recipients using the Med El Tempo+ speech processor. DESIGN Fifteen patients served as listeners. The test material included sentences presented at a conversational level in noise (74 dB SPL at +10 dB signal-to-noise ratio), ...

While single neurons in inferior temporal (IT) cortex show differential responses to distinct complex stimuli, little is known about the responses of populations of neurons in IT. We recorded single electrode data, including multi-unit activity (MUA) and local field potentials (LFP), from 618 sites in the inferior temporal cortex of macaque monkeys while the animals passively viewed 78 differen...

A combination of in situ and ex situ surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging experiments is used to characterize the differential electrostatic adsorption of proteins and synthetic polypeptides onto photopatterned monolayers at gold surfaces. The nonspecific electrostatic adsorption of proteins onto negatively charged self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) is found...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with blood-oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast is an important tool for mapping brain activity. Interest in quantitative fMRI has renewed awareness in importance of oxidative neuroenergetics, as reflected by cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption(CMRO2), for supporting brain function. Relationships between BOLD signal and the underlyin...

The master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls daily rhythms of behavior in mammals. C57BL/6J mice lacking Period1 (Per1⁻/⁻) are an anomaly because their SCN molecular rhythm is weak or absent in vitro even though their locomotor activity rhythm is robust. To resolve the contradiction between the in vitro and in vivo circadian phenotypes of Per1⁻/⁻ mice, we measured the mult...

This paper sheds light on the views of Mulla Sadra about virtue and action. The main question is how he explains the relationship, if any, between virtue and action. Mulla Sadra defines moral virtue as a settled inner disposition by which one acts morally, without need for any reflection or deliberation. This study seeks to explain how, according to Mulla Sadra, a virtue motivates the agent and...