Abstract. The formal structure of geometrical thermodynamics is reviewed with particular emphasis on the geometry of equilibria submanifolds. On these submanifolds thermodynamic metrics are defined as the Hessian of thermodynamic potentials. Links between geometry and thermodynamics are explored for single and multiple component, closed and open systems. For single component, closed thermodynam...

In this report, the synthesis, characterization, and application of the eggshell-supported-Cu(II) salophen complex, as a novel and heterogeneous catalyst, is described. The catalyst is characterized by the UV, XRD, FT-IR, and SEM techniques. The eggshell-supported-Cu(II) salophen complex is a versatile, green, inexpensive, and simple catalyst used for the multi-component reactions (MCRs) of ter...

In this report, the synthesis, characterization, and application of the eggshell-supported-Cu(II) salophen complex, as a novel and heterogeneous catalyst, is described. The catalyst is characterized by the UV, XRD, FT-IR, and SEM techniques. The eggshell-supported-Cu(II) salophen complex is a versatile, green, inexpensive, and simple catalyst used for the multi-component reactions (MCRs) of ter...

Facile and versatile procedures have been explored for the synthesis of tetrahydropyridines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones. These protocols employ the one-pot multi-component condensation of arylaldehydes and aromatic amines with β-keto esters and isatoic anhydride in chloroacetic acid, respectively. The reactions proceeded smoothly to generate the corresponding products in high yield. We...

Sodium acetate catalyzed the multi-component reaction of acetophenone, aromatic aldehydes, and acetoacetanilide in the water-ethanol mixture (1:1) at ambient temperature via Claisen-Schmidt condensation results in the formation of highly substituted cyclohexenones in 89–98% yields. The developed efficient catalytic approach to the substituted cyclohexenones – the promising ...

In the past few years multi component reactions have captured the attention of synthetic chemists as they provide  easy  access  to diverse  complex  organic molecules through  carbon -  carbon   and  carbon - heteroatom  bond  formations  in tandem manner with simple easy  to carry out  reaction  conditions in short  time. 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene is a significant class of oxygen containing...

Facile and versatile procedures have been explored for the synthesis of tetrahydropyridines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones. These protocols employ the one-pot multi-component condensation of arylaldehydes and aromatic amines with β-keto esters and isatoic anhydride in chloroacetic acid, respectively. The reactions proceeded smoothly to generate the corresponding products in high yield. We...

The predictive capabilities of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for combustion systems rely on a proper description the fuel chemistry. growing interest in accurately capturing behavior multi-component mixtures creates additional challenges developing reduced-order chemical kinetics mechanisms small enough to be used CFD. Among suite chemistry reduction approaches available, lumping technique...

In this study, an in-house multi-dimensional code has been developed which simulates the combustion of n-heptane in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. It couples the flow field computations with detailed chemical kinetic scheme which involves the multi-reactions equations. A chemical kinetic scheme solver has been developed and coupled for solving the chemical reactions an...