Many alien plants use animal vectors for dispersal of their diaspores (zoochory). If alien plants interact with native disperser animals, this can interfere with animal-mediated dispersal of native diaspores. Interference by alien species is known for frugivorous animals dispersing fruits of terrestrial plants by ingestion, transport and egestion (endozoochory). However, less attention has been...

Previous studies show Stroop effect is stronger in the right visual field. However, (1) whether the lateralization patterns of two aspects of Stroop effects, facilitation and inhibition, for native Chinese speakers are similar to each other, and (2) whether secondary interference tasks modulate Stroop effect as in the studies about the lateralized Whorf effect, are remaining open questions. We ...

this paper aims at investigating the acquisition of italian complex predicates by native speakers of persian. complex predication is not as pervasive a phenomenon in italian as it is in persian. yet italian native speakers use complex predicates productively; spontaneous data show that persian learners of italian seem to be perfectly aware of italian complex predicates and use this familiar fea...

This research discusses Mandarin syntactic errors of Indonesian learners, performed at the elementary stage. It aims to categorize and identify them. The researchers follow Corder’s steps in error analysis. paper considers four categories errors: omission, addition, replacement, disorder. Finally, seek explain why students commit such errors. results data analysis show that most are classified ...

How Javanese (L1) learners of English (L2) produce durational features of vowels has received increasing interest in the study of second language acquisition because the vowel systems are very disparate. The present production experiment attempts to shed light on the interference by Javanese (L1) on English vowel production (L2). The results are discussed with respect to differences in the vowe...

The article is devoted to the problem of formation linguistic and cultural competence during foreign language classes in middle school. influence intercultural interference will be significantly offset by inclusion linguoculturological aspects content teaching language, which could serve as a system unifying values that allow us understand boundaries our own identity native speaker’s language. ...

The present study investigated the perception and production of English /w/ and /v/ by native speakers of Sinhala, German, and Dutch, with the aim of examining how their native language phonetic processing affected the acquisition of these phonemes. Subjects performed a battery of tests that assessed their identification accuracy for natural recordings, their degree of spoken accent, their rela...

This instrumental study of the phonetic contrast between English /ptk/ and /bdg/ produced by Saudi Arabians reveals that native-language phonetic nonTis may carryover to production of target-language sounds. Despite the existence of phonetic interference, however, the present cross-sectional study suggests that Saudi learners gradually approximate the phonetic norms of English, at least insofar...

In the blocked cyclic naming task, native Mandarin speakers named pictures with disyllabic names in small sets and blocks, critical manipulation whether within a block shared an atonal syllable or not. We found expected facilitation when overlapping portion of responses was word-initial position, but we also replicated recent observation that ‘inconsistent’ overlap (shared syllables could be ei...