Nowadays, with extending applications of bi-layer metallic sheets in different industrial sectors, accurate specification of each layer is very prominent to achieve desired properties. In order to predict behavior of sheets under different forming modes and determining rupture limit and necking, the concept of Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) is used. Optimization problem with objective functions an...

Many studies have presented stress-strain relationship of human hair, but most of them have been based on an engineering stress-strain curve, which is not a true representation of stress-strain behaviour. In this study, a more accurate 'true' stress-strain curve of human hair was determined by applying optical techniques to the images of the hair deformed under tension. This was achieved by app...

Due to surface tension, a beading instability takes place in long enough fluid column that results the breakup of and formation smaller packets with same overall volume but area. Similarly, soft elastic cylinder under axial stretching can develop an if tension is large enough. This occurs when force reaches maximum fixed or force. However, unlike situation fluids where develops finite wavelengt...

Adding fibers to a liquid thread increases the viscosity, hence slows early stretching of thread, but it also alters later breakup dynamics and induces considerable variability in necking shapes.