This paper studies the effects of tariffs on intra-firm trade. Building on the Antràs and Helpman (2004) North-South theoretical framework, the author shows that higher Northern tariffs reduce the incentives for outsourcing and offshoring, while higher Southern tariffs have the opposite effects. The author also shows that increased offshoring and outsourcing imply a descrease in the ratio of No...

The effects of the interplay between light and macronutrient supplies on oceanic primary production leads to the concept of an optimal stability window (Gargett 1997). When coupled with expected oceanic effects of extreme phases in variation of the winter/spring atmospheric circulation in the North Pacific, this concept results in a possible explanation for observations of (1) correlation betwe...

The vertical distribution of ozone in the atmosphere of Mars is computed from ultraviolet spectra obtained by the Mariner 9 spacecraft. In the Northern Hemisphere the ozone scale height is much smaller than the atmospheric scale height in midlatitudes and increases rapidly to a maximum farther north. At high latitudes (above 60 °) there is no significant difference between the scale heights of ...

The Ameru are a tribe inhabiting the northern part of the Kikuyu Province of Kenya Colony. The area of this part of Kikuyu, called Meru, is 3,500 square ^iles, and has about 110,000 inhabitants. The southern boundary of this district is within about thirty miles north of the Equator, and the northern boundary is about eighty miles north. The Ameru are a very primitive people, and are making a l...

—The blue-spotted salamander (Ambystoma laterale) has the northern-most distribution of any North American salamander and primarily occurs in areas that were once covered by the southern Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last glacial maximum. We examine the phylogeography of this primary post-glacial invader of northern North America. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data indicate a clade comprised of ...

Evidence from the Irish Sea basin supports the existence of an abrupt rise in sea level (meltwater pulse) at 19,000 years before the present (B.P.). Climate records indicate a large reduction in the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water formation and attendant cooling of the North Atlantic at this time, indicating a source of the meltwater pulse from one or more Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. ...

We review the fossil records of spinosaurid dinosaurs in order to discuss this group’s evolution and distribution in Europe and North Africa during the Early Cretaceous. Along with their eastern Laurasian distribution during the Cretaceous, these theropods have been found in coastal deposits of Europe and North Africa dated from the Barremian to the Cenomanian. The main occurrences of spinosaur...

Eighteen patients have been referred for lung transplantations from Northern Ireland in 1986-1990. Fourteen were accepted but only four achieved transplantation. These rates are lower than for comparable regions in the North of England. The lung donation rate from Northern Ireland during the same period was similar to that for the United Kingdom as a whole. The low referral and transplant rates...

background: this study investigated the effects of some important meteorological parameters and filler type compounds on phytotoxicity of captan in peach trees in the north of iran. captan is a phthalimide fungicide which has frequently been used in northern regions of iran to control certain plant diseases. this fungicide has caused intense phytotoxicity in peach trees which was first observed...