1 The unusual behavior during purification of four affinity-tagged proteins—a MAP kinase, a transcription factor, intracellular binding protein, and a receptor tyrosine kinase—led the authors to devise alternate methods of obtaining their end-product. They found it necessary to either remove the affinity tag (by recloning or by cleavage of the tag) or omit the traditional immobilized metal ion ...

Standing dead trees (snags) with cavities are a critical ecological component of western coniferous forests. These structures provide foraging, roosting, and nesting habitat for numerous species of invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Snags may be created through a variety of interrelated processes including wildfire, drought, insects and disease. However, dead trees contain...

Although snags and coarse woody debris are a small component of ecosystem respiration, disturbances can significantly increase the mass and respiration from these carbon (C) pools. The objectives of this study were to (1) measure respiration rates of snags and coarse woody debris throughout the year in a forest previously defoliated by gypsy moths, (2) develop models for dead stem respiration r...

Most native species of plants and animals inhabiting forest ecosystems evolved with natural adaptations to the patterns and processes of fire disturbance and recovery.[1] One of the effects of fire disturbances is the creation of dead trees, both standing "snags" and downed logs. Fire-killed snags and logs serve vital roles in the structure and function of healthy forest ecosystems in general, ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic mechanical low back pain is common among different age groups and genders. Different manual therapy techniques combined with exercise therapy and electrotherapy modalities play an important role in its management. Our objective was to compare the effects of McKenzie extension exercisesprogram (EEP) versus Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (SNAGs) for ...

Coastal freshwater forested wetlands are rapidly transitioning from forest to marsh, leaving behind many standing dead trees (snags) in areas often called ‘ghost forests’. Snags can act as conduits for soil produced greenhouse gases (GHG) and also be sources they decompose. Thus, snags have the potential contribute GHGs atmosphere, but emissions not well understood. We assessed GHG (carbon diox...