background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is usually considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide, so finding proper therapeutic strategies for this disease is of high importance. in this meta-analysis, we reviewed the existing literature on the efficacy and safety of conventional long acting beta agonists (labas) in copd patients. methods: we searched medline and goog...

introduction: fibrolipoma, a subtype of lipoma is painless, well-circumscribed, slow-growing, submucosal benign adipocyte tumour. it is uncommon in the oral cavity and oropharyngeal region, with rare incidence in the retropharynx even rarest in pediatric age group.   case report: a very unusual case of fibrolipoma is presented in a pediatric patient, who had a huge retropharyngeal fibrolipoma a...

background: non obstructive azoospermia (noa) is one of the causes of male infertility in which spermatogenesis process is disturbed. recent studies suggested the possible role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (enos) in spermatogenesis process. objective: the aim of the present study is to evaluate the expression of enos in human testicular tissue in men with noa and men with normal spermat...

background and objective: the main causes of nocturnal hypoxemia are pulmonary diseases or sleep related breathing disorders. in overlap syndrome, the co-existence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and ob-structive sleep apnea (osa), blood oxygen alteration, and hypercapnia may be more severe. we aimed to study hypox-emia markers in osa patients with or without copd. materials and...

background and objective : obstructive sleep apnea (osa) syndrome is a kind of sleep-related disorder with complex features and may lead to daytime sleepiness. this study aimed to find the differences between smokers and non-smokers regarding the parameters of polysomnography. materials and methods : this was a cross-sectional study conducted on consecutive patients referred to a sleep lab to p...

background and objective: obstructive sleep apnea (osa) is the most common respiratory disorder during sleep and a risk factor for myocardial ischemia. in this study, we evaluated the proportion of subjects at high risk for osa and prevalence of its predictors among patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction (mi). materials and methods : a total of 210 patients with mi admitted at the ca...

background and objective: obstructive sleep apnea (osa) is frequent and in some degree it affects about 24% of male and 9% of female in middle age adults. this study aimed to assess the association between risk of osa and cad. materials and methods : this case-control study was performed among 184 patients with a history of coro- nary angiography in two catheter labs at hospitals in qom, iran. ...

objective : patients with chronic physical diseases sometimes show increased loss of function; such patients need more care. anxiety is a well-known symptom that is prevalent among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients that can prolong and increase the risk of hospitalization. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the severity of anxiety in the mentioned patients and to examine the...

coronary artery calcium scoring (cacs) is a reasonable test for patients with the possibility of atherosclerosis. it can also be used for reclassifying the coronary artery disease (cad) to the high-risk status by higher cacs and subsequently modifying the management of the patients.the purpose of this study was to investigate the association of cacs to the severity of coronary artery disease in...

c-reactive protein (crp) is an acute-phase protein synthesized predominantly by the hepatocytes in response to tissue damage or inflammation. levels of acute-phase proteins rise rapidly, during infection and after injury. we take up the study to correlate serum crp levels with other important predictive markers of outcome in copd. patient with stable copd (no exacerbation in the last two months...