OBJECTIVE To provide Canadian health care workers with evidence-based guidelines for universal counselling about HIV testing and the offering of such testing to all pregnant women. OPTIONS Universal counselling and offering of HIV testing to all pregnant women versus targeted testing of only pregnant women at high risk for HIV infection. Antiretroviral treatment protocols for HIV-positive mot...

Service firms typically offer customers a menu of pricing plans so that they may select the appropriate plan. Past evidence suggests that this may not be always the case; often customers find themselves in tariffs that do not minimize their costs. An increasingly popular strategy is to recommend plans to customers. In this paper, we examine the effectiveness of this strategy using a randomized ...

Using the recent IPO of Google as an example, we provide empirical evidence to better understand issuers’ decision process at the IPO stage. Our results suggest that Google timed its offering based on both the general market and the IPO market conditions. Selling shareholders took advantage of information gathered during the registration process and adjusted the number of secondary shares offer...

This paper investigates, both theoretically and empirically, how earnings management and ownership retention interact, and how these two jointly affect the equilibrium market valuation of IPO firms in the presence of information asymmetry. Analytically, this paper extends the univariate signaling framework of Leland and Pyle (1977) and derives an efficient signaling equilibrium in which both re...

According to Unconscious Thought Theory (UTT: Dijksterhuis & Nordgren, 2006), complex decisions are best made after a period of distraction assumed to elicit “unconscious thought”. Over three studies, respectively offering a conceptual, an identical and a methodologically improved replication of Dijksterhuis et al. (2006), we reassessed UTT’s predictions and dissected the decision task used to ...

At first sight, the charter of Venetian Hevrat Shomerim la-Boker (active circa 16–17 th century) mirrors conflict between religious aim fraternity’s creation and attention its compilers gave to procedural administrative issues. However, in-depth examination data presented in reveals deep connection various payments character fraternity. This dwells on range dual meanings indicative imposed frat...

Very recently, Kuman et al. [P. Kumam, W. Sintunavarat, S. Sedghi, and N. Shobkolaei. Common Fixed Point of Two $R$-Weakly Commuting Mappings in $b$-Metric Spaces. Journal of Function Spaces, Volume 2015, Article ID 350840, 5 pages] obtained some interesting common fixed point results for two mappings satisfying generalized contractive condition in $b$-metric space without the assumption of the...

in religious jurisprudence, exhaustive discussions have put forward about the effect of finding that the witness was disqualified at the time of giving of evidence and effect of losing of qualifications after giving of evidence and before rendering of judgment on the evidence that is got and the judgment that is rendered on basis of it and exist various opinions about some varieties in spite of...

This article investigates whether there is evidence of a “rise and fall” emerging powers over the past 20 years in eyes public opinion. We compared several national regional surveys on foreign policies South Africa, Brazil, Turkey search signs endorsement or disapproval more assertive exercised by these countries. The results suggest pronounced rise decline for Ankara some Brasília; however, ar...