Background: Polysymptomatic or monosymptomatic patients of multiple sclerosis (MS) at the onset of the disease may influence the natural course of the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic effect of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) of patients with MS with polysymptomatic or monosymptomatic onset of the disease. Methods: From 2001 to 2011, 263 patients w...

zellweger syndrome (zs) is a peroxisomal disorder with a multiple congenital anomalies, characterized by stereotypical facies, profound hypotonia, organ involvement including cerebral, retinal, hepatic, and renal. herein, a 3-month-old female with zs is presented who was referred because of increased liver enzymes (subclinical hepatitis), which was detected in work-up of her neck cyst, severe h...

late-onset alzheimer's disease (load) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia affecting people over 65 years old. alzheimer’s disease is a complex disease with multi-factorial etiology. inflammation has been approved to have an important role in the pathogenesis of alzheimer’s disease (ad). tnf-a is a main pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an essential role in in...

objective multiple sclerosis (ms) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system (cns) that is increasingly being recognized as a disease affecting children. however, the clinical features of childhood ms at onset have been rarely reported from asia. materials & methods this report presents a retrospective chart review of 26 patients with ms (20 females and 6 males), with an...

leigh syndrome is a severe progressive neurodegenerative disorder with different clinical presentationsthat usually becomes apparent in the first year of life and rarely in late childhood and elderly years. it is causedby failure of mitochondrial respiratory chain and often results in regression of both mental and motor skills and might even lead to death. in some of the inherited neurodegenera...

huntingtons disease is caused by a dominantly transmitted cag repeat expansion mutation that is believed to confer a toxic gain of function on the mutant protein. huntingtons disease patients with two mutant alleles are very rare. in other poly (cag) diseases such as the dominant ataxias, inheritance of two mutant alleles causes a phenotype more severe than in heterozygotes. in our evaluation, ...