background: narcotic addiction is one of the most important problems in human communities that unfortunately it's prevalence has been increased in our country inconveniently. opium has various effects on the parts of body. many studies has been performed about these effects, but opium effect on common bile duct has allocated only small quantity. materials and methods: this study is a cross-sect...

Addiction is a biological, psychological and social disease. One of the most important solutions to prevent and treat addiction is group therapy of transactional analysis. The present research was conducted aiming at analyzing the effectiveness of group psychotherapy with transactional analysis approach on reducing depression, anxiety and stress in opioid addicts. In this empirical study, 24 ad...

BACKGROUND Sychotropic agents (alcohol, drugs, and illicit substances) have an important effect on the occurrence or exacerbation of psychological and behavioral derangements such as criminal activity and mental abnormalities. OBJECTIVES The objective was to assess the relationship between psychiatric distress and criminal history among abusers of intravenous drugs, including heroin, benzodia...

Background: Addiction is a global public health problem, with over 36 million people suffering from drug-use disorders. Afghanistan, the world’s leading opium producer, has high rates of drug use owing to easy access drugs in this country. This study aimed investigate users’ quality life Herat, and identify factors affecting it. Methods: cross-sectional examined health-related at six rehabilita...

Background: Opioids such as opium deteriorate sexual organs activities. The effect of opium on the spermatogenesis of men was assessed in a region where it is abused more than any opioids. Materials and methods: In this case–control study, we studied 224 subjects, divided into 2 groups: 112 opium dependant and 112 non-addicts. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of opium depend...

BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a glycoprotein with inhibitory effects on the formation of plasmin from plasminogen by plasminogen activator. Thus, it prevents clot lysis in vessel walls. Several evidences prove the relationship between coronary artery disease and response to fibrinolytic therapy in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with PAI-1 level. Opium addicti...

sirs, Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (“kratom”, “biak”) is a Southeast Asian tree, the leaves of which provide several alkaloids of considerable interest and seemingly contradictory properties. In 1836, Low (Burkill, 19351 described the use of kratom by native Malayans as an opium substitute when opium itself was unavailable or unaffordable. Holmes (18951 identified kratom as M. speciosa and its use...

 Introduction: Many studies have revealed that drug addicted individuals exhibit impaired performance on executive function tests but a few studies have been conducted on executive functions of drug addicts in Iran. To contribute to this understanding, the present study was designed to assess some domains related to executive functions including cognitive flexibility, attention and speed of men...

Background: With regard to the perceptible population, cultural, social and environmental changes in the aftermath of the earthquake in Bam City, this study was conducted to pinpoint substance misuse patterns and to figure out the probable relationship between substance misuse and blood types of the addicts referred to Substance rehabilitation Clinics from 2006 to 2007 in Bam City. Methods: In ...