In the 11(th) and 12(th) century the Western caliphate flourished, making Cordoba the capital of physicians and philosophers. During that period lived and practised the famous physician Ibn Zuhr or Avenzoar. In his monumental treatise Al Taysir, Avenzoar provided the first clinical description of a polypoid colorectal tumour as well as the case of a uterine cancer and a basal cell carcinoma. Hi...

The Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor is one few Byzantine historiographical works in which so much space devoted to Islamic world and first ruling caliphate. Of course, most references Muslims concern mostly military issues – numerous Muslim invasions on lands that were happening almost since beginning Islam. Also important was way treated Islam itself as a religion heresy. Therefore, it h...

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie sytuacji kobiet w kalifacie ISIS i strukturach Państwa Islamskiego przez pryzmat arabskojęzycznych doniesień medialnych opublikowanych na stronach internetowych serwisów informacyjnych. W artykule autorka przedstawia obraz Państwie Islamskim ukazany arabskich oraz zachodnich mediach. O ile część z nich przypisuje kobietom marginalne role gospodyń d...

The history of the caliphate after death Prophet Muhammad from time to has same pattern starting phases development, formation, coaching, glory, decline and destruction. This study aims determine Khulafaur Rashidun dynasty SAW. used qualitative research methods. data collection technique was carried out by means a literature through exploration journals other information relevant study. results...

Abstract The mystical method of taḥqīq (‘realization’ or ‘verification’ divine truth), as promoted by the Andalusian thinker Ibn ‘Arabi (d. 1240), was central to project managing religious difference in Mughal empire. key architect deploying for imperial purposes emperor Akbar's senior minister, ideologue, and spiritual devotee, Abu al-Fazl. Specifically, I analyse how concept appears al-Fazl's...

Do political-Islamic elites need to be democrats for participation in democracy, how do their values compare to secular elites’, and how do their values change through participation and affect democratization itself? A comparative-systematic content analysis of three Islamic-conservative and two pro-secular Turkish newspapers over nine years shows that, overall, political-Islamic elites adopt d...

This study reveals the prevalence of Kurdish tribal states, political entities, in vicinity Abbasid city Baghdad. Through a presentation lives and contributions leading Jawani personalities, it is shown that states contributed to development early Islam from both religious aspects. The emirs were involved most Baghdadi region’s dealings with caliphate. They also had Buwayhids, Ukaylids, Mazyadi...

There has been much speculation as to the type of calendar that was used by pre-Islamic Arabs and early Muslim community. The Hijr? is said have adopted ‘Umar b. al-Kha???b during his Caliphate despite evidence suggesting it instituted soon Prophet emigrated Mad?nah. In this paper, we argue a number competing Arabian calendars existed up until 17 AH/AD 638, after which definitive Muslims. We pr...