PURPOSE As a rapidly growing new health care delivery model in the United States, retail clinics have been the subject of much debate and controversy. Located physically within a retail store, retail clinics provide simple acute and preventive services for a fixed price and without an appointment. Some hope that retail clinics can be a new safety-net provider for the poor and those without a pr...

We develop a price competition model for a new supply chain that competes in a market comprised of some rival supply chains. The new supply chain has one risk-neutral manufacturer and one risk-averse retailer in which the manufacturer is a leader and retailer is a follower. The manufacturer pays a fraction of the risk cost (caused by demand uncertainty) to the retailer. We apply this competitiv...

Iodine is required for adequate thyroid hormone production, which is essential for brain development, particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy. Milk is the principal source of iodine in UK diets, and while small studies in Europe have shown organic milk to have a lower iodine concentration than conventional milk, no such study has been conducted in Britain. In view of the increasing pop...

Iodine is required for adequate thyroid hormone production, which is essential for brain development, particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy. Milk is the principal source of iodine in UK diets, and while small studies in Europe have shown organic milk to have a lower iodine concentration than conventional milk, no such study has been conducted in Britain. In view of the increasing pop...

the price volatility spillover effect indicates that price volatility in different markets can be mutually affected. the objective of the study is to analyze volatility price spillover effects on the vertical levels including input, wholesale and retail sale levels in the tehran beef supply chain. the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (mvgarch) model was used b...

The European banking industry joined forces to achieve a fully integrated market for retail payment services in the euro area: the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). Against this background, the present paper examines the fundamental relationship between retail payment business and overall bank performance. Using data from across 27 European markets over the period 2000–2007, we analyse whether ...

high and increasing beef marketing margin leads one to controversy about factors affecting it. this study using the monthly data for the 1998-2005 period to investigate the market power and to estimate how farm and marketing services supplies and retail demand determinants can affect beef marketing margin. the results show that farm, marketing services and retail level prices and thereby ma...

I investigate strategic interactions and market outcomes in the “agency model” and “wholesale model” of sales. Adopting the agency model initially raises prices, and can (but need not) raise the profits of rival retailers. Nonetheless, consumers prefer the agency model. I relate my results to events in the market for electronic books. I investigate the “agency model” and “wholesale model” of sa...

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to describe the national magnitude and characteristics of acute pesticide poisoning among workers and customers in retail establishments. METHODS Analyses included retail employees 15-64 years of age and customers with acute pesticide poisoning identified from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks-Pesticides (SENSOR-Pesticides) and Ca...

BACKGROUND Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and faces numerous challenges, including inadequate medication access for its residents. The objective of this study was to determine the availability, prices, and affordability of essential medicines in Haiti and compare these findings to other countries. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional nationwide survey in 2011 of avai...