the history of monetary policy in iran, judging by their performance in keeping the value of the currency, maintaining a steady growth in the gross domestic product, faltering investment, show that monetary policy has not been a portrait of consistent successes, to say the least. as a result of the recent studies two rules have emerged as guideline for policy makers: taylor rule and mccallum ru...

highlighting the driving cause and its strict relationship with the formal cause and especially the final cause in the intrinsic elements of natural justice has caused the duality of reason and natural justice in the thinking of the proponents of the reason as the source. since the same emphasis makes the full understanding of the mechanisms of natural justice and its content for the human wisd...

Fuzzy Rule-Based Classification Systems (FRBCS) are highly investigated by researchers due to their noise-stability and  interpretability. Unfortunately, generating a rule-base which is sufficiently both accurate and interpretable, is a hard process. Rule weighting is one of the approaches to improve the accuracy of a pre-generated rule-base without modifying the original rules. Most of the pro...

The “valid-when-made” doctrine holds that if a loan was not subject to state usury law when it made, can never subsequently become so upon transfer. is supposedly “well-established and widely accepted” common “cardinal rule” of banking endorsed by multiple Supreme Court decisions. This Article demonstrates the valid-when-made doctrine’s spurious historical pedigree. modern invention, fabric...