The importance of drug as a valuable export product in the global economy becomes more clear every day. Understanding the problems of exports and factors affecting it, can be an important step to keep Iran’s position in the world markets and further export development of this product.In this study, Iranian pharmaceutical exports’ supply and demand functions were calculated using co-integration ...

The economic assumption that a present value relation holds between consumption and income and between stock prices and dividends, or the statistical assumption that the consumption/ income ratio and the dividend/price ratio are stationary imply that the permanent or random walk component in each series of a pair must be the same as the permanent component in the other series of a pair. Either ...

Do online recommendations have the same motivating impact as price at the point-of-onlinepurchase? The results (n=273) of an conjoint study show that: (1) when the price is low or high relatively to market price, it has the strongest impact (positive and negative) on the likelihood of an online purchase of an mp3 player, (2) when the price is average to market price, online recommendation and p...

Since some raw materials, semi manufactured, intermediate and capital goods in agricultural sector are imported, the exchange rate fluctuations can affect the cost price of products in this sector. Recently, we are facing considerable fluctuations in exchange rate that has an important impact on all sectors including the agriculture. As a result of an increase in import prices in agricultural r...

Beef outputs from dairy farms make an important contribution to overall profitability in Irish dairy herds and are the sole source of revenue in many beef herds. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for animal BW and price across different stages of maturity. Data originated from 2 main sources: price and BW from livestock auctions and BW from on-farm weighings between 2000 ...

Sticky-price models often suggest that relative price distortion is a major cost of in‡ation. We provide an intuition for this: Even at low rates, in‡ation strongly a¤ects price dispersion which in turn has an impact on the economy qualitatively similar to, and of the order of magnitude of, a negative shift in productivity. The utility cost of price dispersion is quanti…ed and its impact on opt...

Water markets are increasingly being relied upon by international institutions and national governments to facilitate a reallocation of water from inefficient low value users to efficient high value users, and from rural to urban users, while minimizing the socio-economic and community impact of such reallocations within rural communities. This is a problem in both developed and developing coun...

The value of a firm’s securities measures the value of the firm’s productive assets. If the assets include only capital goods and not a permanent monopoly franchise, the value of the securities measures the value of the capital. Finally, if the price of the capital can be measured or inferred, the quantity of capital is the value divided by the price. A standard model of adjustment costs enable...

The study empirically estimates the effects of four types of impact fees (road, school, park, and fire protection impact fees) on new and existing housing, as well as the fees’ differential effects on price as determined by housing quality. The results indicate that impact fees generally raise the price of new housing. Further, the magnitude and the direction of the housing price effect of indi...