nicotinic ligands have been studied as novel therapeutic interventions in pain therapeutics since a long time. several nicotinic agonists have been withdrawn from later stages of clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or narrow therapeutic window. these have been documented to act in the central nervous system and produce a wide range of pharmacological effects, including memory enhancing and ...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex disease resulting from the occurrence of intermingled episodes of neuro-inflammation and degeneration. the temporal and spatial patterns in which these events occur are not well understood as well as the molecular substrates underlying it. myelin loss and gain, as well as axonal damage are considered crucial events influencing the course of the disease but t...