Robustness and evolvability are fundamental characteristics of life whose relationship has intrigued generations of biologists. Studies of several genotype-phenotype maps (GPMs) such as the map between short DNA sequences and their bindings to transcription factors showed that phenotype robustness (PR) promotes phenotype evolvability (PE), but the underlying reason is unclear. Here, we show mat...

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Background: Recent literature suggests respiratory system compliance (Crs) based phenotypes exist among COVID-19 ARDS patients. We sought to determine whether these and Crs predicts mortality. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study of 111 patients admitted March 11-July 8, 2020. was averaged for the first 72-hours mechanical ventilation. Crs<30ml/cmH2O defined as poor Crs(phenot...

Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is a sporadic disorder caused by the absence of all or some parts one X-chromosome with major developmental consequences such as short stature and ovarian failure etc. The minor manifestations of TS are cubitus valgus, micrognatism, high-arched palate, short and/or webbed neck, hypothyroidism, etc. Different karyotype abnormalities may lead to different clinical...

    Drug resistance enables cancer cells to break away from cytotoxic effect of anticancer drugs. Identification of resistant phenotype is very important because it can lead to effective treatment plan. There is an interest in developing classifying models of resistance phenotype based on the multivariate data. We have investigated a vibrational spectroscopic approach in order to characterize a...

background and objective: nowadays, the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) producing strains in serratia genus causes the emergence of resistance to many antibiotics. so, the lack of proper diagnosis of esbls strains can lead to failure in the treatment. the objective of the present study was to investigate esbls production in serratia strains isolated from the clinical blood sa...

background: ampc and esbls as mediated-plasmid extended spectrum β-lactabases are the main factors of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in enterobacteriacea especially e. coli and will follow treatment failure, high costs of treatment in human and economic losses in the poultry industry. objectives: the purpose of this study was to screen and study the faecal e. coli isolates produ...