We study political distortions that emerge in situations where agents’ political power is disproportionate with respect to their economic power. We use the Shapley value to evaluate both the economic and the political power. We show that usual weighted majority voting cannot prevent political distortions from emerging in a huge mass of situations. Distortions are less severe if partners can lea...

reformism discourse was organized according to a set of non- homogeneous theories and because it was a combination of traditional teachings of islam and teachings of modern liberalism simultaneously, it didn’t have any theoretical integrity. immediate integration of reformers during the election was dues to a historical necessity of opposition against conservatisms, candidate who considered him...

On August 14, 1947, Pakistan was carved out on the map of the world for the Muslims of India in order so that they could live in peace and harmony, according to the principles of Islam, free to pursue all spiritual and worldly endeavours in a homeland of their own. Though full of hope and nationalistic fervour; the people of Pakistan were unable to fully realize the dream of their own personali...

Relying on Adam Smith's concept of the "invisible hand," every economist can explain how markets react to individual economic power. Markets shape and reshape themselves to neutralize self-interested economic power by coaxing it into channels that serve the public good. But economists have devoted less attention to analyzing how markets systematically counteract coalitions of individuals' polit...

Global Oral Health suffers from a lack of political attention, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This paper analyses the reasons for this political neglect through the lens of four areas of political power: the power of the ideas, the power of the issue, the power of the actors, and the power of the political context (using a modified Political Power Framework by Shiffman and Sm...

explaining a political map as regards power/knowledgeextended abstractintroductiongetting a deeper understanding of many phenomena necessitates a deeper knowledge of their hidden meaning which is the key to a perfect understanding of that particular phenomenon . no true understanding is achieved unless through a sound methodology of phenomena . although positivism has been a dominant methodolog...