In this paper we characterize firms’ lifetimes and their determinants. Unlike previous studies that use a cohort of new entrants with a short follow-up period, our dataset comprises a representative sample of the population of Spanish manufacturing firms in 1990, followed until 2000. The data were drawn from the annual survey Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales. Our results suggest that fi...

The right to participation is the "the right of rights"--the basic right of people to have a say in how decisions that affect their lives are made. All legally binding international human rights treaties explicitly recognize the essential role of participation in realizing fundamental human rights. While the substance of the human right to health has been extensively developed, the right to par...

the welfare policies and programs in the iran had started to establish modern state in iran since 1925.this paper deals with the relation between oil revenues and social welfare in iran before 1978(1357) revolution. why developmental activities within welfare policies and programs couldn’t maintain their stability and continuity? the bureaucrats and redefined groups were became the main target ...

The case study revolves around discussions by a group of students of a popular university in a cafeteria. State elections in Uttar Pradesh had just finished and students were wondering as to how the election results were against their pre-conceived notions. They were discussing about the reasons as to why they voted for their preferred political party as first-time voters. Overall, this case st...