Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the Western world. Atherosclerosis is the most common pathological vascular change underlying CVD with hypercholesterolemia constituting a major risk factor. Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant disease with a prevalence of 1:500 in the general population. Thus, approximately 13 million peopl...

Human African trypanosomiasis re-emerged in the 1980s. However, little progress has been made in the treatment of this disease over the past decades. The first-line treatment for second-stage cases is melarsoprol, a toxic drug in use since 1949. High therapeutic failure rates have been reported recently in several foci. The alternative, eflornithine, is better tolerated but difficult to adminis...

The present study aimed to assess the target and present reading comprehension needs and abilities of Iranian medical students with different levels of English language proficiency. A total of 283 medical students and 23 ESP instructors were chosen through cluster sampling. The data collection instruments included the Persian version of Atai and Nazari’s (2011) needs analysis questionnaire and ...

Assessing learners’ present and real life language needs can contribute to learners’ active participation in learning processes. , Assessing learners’ task-based needs and aligning them with pedagogical tasks are significant in English for medical purpose (EMS) courses. The main objectives of the present study were to assess learners’ needs and to determine whether they are practiced in EMS cou...