In the last decade, there has been an exponential increase in the microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials and a significant increase in the cost of these types of drugs. This phenomenon has increased interest in the development of interventions for counseling on and control of the use of antimicrobials, referred to as stewardship programs. In this article we review, from various points of vi...

<div><p>Purpose: To establish a fast, simple and accurate method immunoassay test card for the detection of new coronavirus (nCOVID-19) antigen. Methods: In this study, colloidal gold immunochromatography technology was used to detect nCOVID-19 virus antigens through sandwich method. At same time, preparation plan improved, application rapid immune-diagnosis in other fields develope...

An advanced dynamic model for multisection semiconductor optical amplifiers is Presented. It accounts for the carrier and field distributions in the longitudinal direction as well as for the facet reflectivities. The model can handle arbitrary time-varying input signals and current modulations. Here the model is used to assess intermodulation distortion and crosstalk. First, cascaded amplifiers...

Studies of cellular responses to DNA-damaging agents, mostly in Escherichia coli, have revealed numerous genes and pathways involved in DNA repair. However, other species, particularly those which exist under different environmental conditions than does E. coli, may have rather different responses. Here, we identify and characterize genes involved in DNA repair in a gram-positive plant and dair...

Background: The ability of polyclonal antibodies to react with many epitopes of an antigen makes them valuable reagents in research and diagnosis. The aim of this study was purification of mouse IgG2a and production of polyclonal antibody against purified mouse IgG2a subclass. Materials and Methods: Mouse IgG2a was purified by ProA affinity. Verification method of the purified antibody was S...

In both Sordaria macrospora and Neurospora crassa, components of the conserved STRIPAK (striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase) complex regulate cell-cell fusion, hyphal network development and fruiting body formation. Interestingly, a number of Epichloë festucae genes that are required for hyphal cell-cell fusion, such as noxA, noxR, proA, mpkA and mkkA, are also required for the establis...

The effect of the &selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-PenS]enkephalin (DPDPE) on the antinociception produced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the # agonists morphine, [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-olS]enkephalin (DAGO), [NMePhe3,D-Proa]morphiceptin (PLO17), fl-endorphin, phenazocine, etorphine and sufentanil was studied in mice. Only the antinociceptive effects of morphine and normorphine ...

Many plants synthesize and accumulate proline in response to osmotic stress. Despite the importance of this pathway, however, the exact metabolic route and enzymes involved in the synthesis of proline in plants have not been unequivocally identified. We report here the isolation of a mothbean (Vigna aconitifolia) cDNA clone encoding a bifunctional enzyme, delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthet...

Neutral drift occurring over millions or billions of years results in substantial sequence divergence among enzymes that catalyze the same reaction. Although natural selection maintains the primary activity of orthologous enzymes, there is, by definition, no selective pressure to maintain physiologically irrelevant promiscuous activities. Thus, the levels and the evolvabilities of promiscuous a...

The O antigen of serotype 1c differs from the unmodified O antigen of serotype Y by the addition of a disaccharide (two glucosyl groups) to the tetrasaccharide repeating unit. It was shown here that addition of the first glucosyl group is mediated by the previously characterized gtrI cluster, which is found within a cryptic prophage at the proA locus in the bacterial chromosome. Transposon muta...