The optimal product design problem, where the ‘‘best’’ mix of product features are formulated into an ideal offering, is formulated using ant colony optimization (ACO). Here, algorithms based on the behavior of social insects are applied to a consumer decision model designed to guide new product decisions and to allow planning and evaluation of product offering scenarios. ACO heuristics are eff...

The essence of functional food products, products organic agriculture and produced from alternative protein sources (plant algae, insects microbiological synthesis) is disclosed. On the basis statistical data, state basic indicators in global domestic markets was analyzed. most significant strategic advantages development factors these product are formulated.

ABSTRACT- Several species of aphids cause severe damage to citrus in the north of Iran. Predatory insects play an important role in biological control of the pests in citrus orchards. In this study, potential predatory insects of citrus aphids, Aphis spiraecola, A. gossypii and Toxoptera aurantii, were identified and their seasonal population dynamics...

b a ckground: aquatic insects are the  major groups of arthropods that spend  some parts of their life cycle in the water. these insects play an important role for transmission of some human and animal diseases. there is few information about the aquatic insects fauna of iran. m e t hods: to study the aquatic insects fauna, adult, nymphal and larval collections were carried out from different h...

Rice is the most important durable food product for more than half of world’s population, as it very nutritious in terms carbohydrate containment and can meet a large part human caloric needs on daily basis. The sensitivity rice fortified with spearmint or basil was evaluated three stored insect species: Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) Bostrychidae)...

Entomopathogenic fungi, when used as a microbial control agent against cotton pests, such as Helicoverpa spp., may have the potential to establish and spread in the environment and to have an impact on both pests and beneficial insects. Information on the effect of entomopathogenic fungi on pests and beneficial insects is crucial for a product to be registered as a biopesticide. The effect of t...