The aim of this study was to determine some physical and mechanical properties spruce (Picea orientalis) wood, which impregnated with aqueous solutions valonia (valex) (the extract Quercus ithaburensis), pine bark powder (pinex) (Pinus brutia Ten.) gallnut (galex) (Quercus infectoria Oliver) as a pre-treatment then heat treated. Test specimens were prepared from sapwood wood 10% tannin before t...

herbivory is observed in different forms, one of these forms leading to gall production. among gall–inducing insects, oak gall wasps (hymenoptera: cynipidae) are found on the oak trees producing galls on certain parts of the host. in this survey, oak gall wasps were collected from oak forests in west azerbaijan in spring (2010). the occurred galls on oak trees (in spring) were collected from su...

Quercus cerris is an important oak species extended in large areas of Eastern Europe and Minor Asia that has a thick bark which is not utilized at all. The sorption performance of cork from Quercus cerris bark with four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene) was investigated. Quercus cerris cork was characterized for elemental analysis, ac...