Background: It is important to use reliable, valid, and responsive instruments to assess the treatment outcomes. The functional rating index (FRI) is a patient reported outcome measure to assess the pain and function in patients with neck and low back pain. The FRI has been translated and culturally adapted into Persian language. The purpose of this study was to investigate the responsiveness o...

OBJECTIVE To assess internal and external responsiveness of the Activity of Daily Living Scale of the Knee Outcome Survey and Numeric Pain Rating Scale on patients with patellofemoral pain. DESIGN One group pre-post design. SUBJECTS A total of 60 individuals with patellofemoral pain (33 women; mean age 29.9 (standard deviation 9.6) years). METHODS The Activity of Daily Living Scale and th...

This review provides the basic principle and rational for ROC analysis of rating and continuous diagnostic test results versus a gold standard. Derived indexes of accuracy, in particular area under the curve (AUC) has a meaningful interpretation for disease classification from healthy subjects. The methods of estimate of AUC and its testing in single diagnostic test and also comparative studies...

Common streamflow gauging procedures require assumptions about the stage-discharge relationship (the ‘rating curve’) that can introduce considerable uncertainties in streamflow records. These rating uncertainties are not usually considered fully in hydrological model calibration and evaluation yet can have potentially important impacts. We analysed streamflow gauge data and conducted two modell...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the feasibility of flexible ureteroscopy training by using isolated porcine kidneys and ureters in vitro. METHODS Twenty young urologists were randomly divided into four groups. Overall performance was assessed based on a global rating scale, pass/fail rating, total time to complete task, learning curve, incidence of trauma, and perforations. The effect of training was ...

Both water balance (WB) and rating curve (RC) are methods for estimating streamflow. The first is mostly used to estimate reservoir outflows, while the second usually adopted in hydrometeorological network streamflow gauges. While WB uses hourly collected data, RC estimates using current level extrapolation techniques. objective of this study was analyze variations reservoir’s outflow at Queima...

Previous studies have shown that listeners' perceptions of tones within a musical context are influenced by a hierarchy of tonal functions. This study investigated the influence of this hierarchy on the perception of microtones finer than the chromatic tones. Following the probe tone method introduced by Krumhansl and Shepard (1979), listeners rated each of the 48 eighth tones that occur within...