This paper focuses on the improvement on the performance of AODV single path routing protocol concerning the route maintenance mechanism with security. This paper presents the performance comparison of proposed protocol Secure and efficient AODV (SE-AODV) with AODV routing protocol using NS2. As the reactive routing protocols is completely different from the proactive routing protocols because ...

We present a novel proactive routing algorithm that continuously searches for failures via frequent ICMP echo requests. Our approach differs from its predecessors in that it is proactive instead of reactive. That is, we continuously search for failures before they affect message transmissions. When a failure is detected, an alternative route is identified and used. The Dynamic Routing System (D...

A novel synthesis route yields highly reactive nanobassanite with the largest surface area ever reported and potential applications in biomedicine heritage conservation.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver transplantation is the primary treatment for various end-stage hepatic diseases but is hindered by the lack of donor organs and by complications associated with rejection and immunosuppression. There is increasing evidence to suggest the bone marrow is a transplantable source of hepatic progenitors. We previously reported that multipotent bone marrow-derived mesenchymal ...

Reactive power dispatch for voltage profile modification has been of interest Abstract to powerr utilities. Usually local bus voltages can be altered by changing generator voltages, reactive shunts, ULTC transformers and SVCs. Determination of optimum values for control parameters, however, is not simple for modern power system networks. Heuristic and rather intelligent algorithms have to be so...

Recently, Functionally Graded Scaffolds (FGSs) have attracted a lot of attention as bone replacements due to their gradient porosities as well as a bone structure. In present study titanium functionally graded scaffolds (FGSs) were fabricated by powder metallurgy route using Mg and carbamide as space holders. The arranged layers with 20, 40 and 60 Vol.% porosities were compacted in steel die us...

Background and objectives: Nigella sativa is a delicate floral vegetable belonging to Ranunculaceae family. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the dominant active component in Nigella sativa seed oil which has a variety of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. However, TQ is a quinone derivative, which may le...

A stochastic model for interconnections in integrated circuits composed of unequal size logic blocks separated by routing channels is described. An algorithm, based on the model, is given for estimating channel widths and chip area. The effectiveness of the algorithm is tested through an example. Applications of the model to placement and routing of integrated circuits are discussed.

Study on search algorithm of passenger travel route in railway transport network is of great importance in evaluation on railway operation benefit. Based on features of large-scale network and railway passenger transportation organization, the paper firstly innovatively puts forward the generation method of alternative route set in multiple constraint conditions. K short routes is proposed base...