this paper develops a closed-loop supply chain including one manufacturer, one retailer and a third party, in which the manufacturer produces a product under appropriate quality and sells it through a retailer in the market. the retailer pays the expense of marketing effort and a third party collects the used products from consumers and sends to the manufacturer. the manufacturer remanufactures...

Guided by the goals of carbon peaking and neutrality, in order to coordinate recycling remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), considering strengthened low-carbon awareness consumers high cost emission reduction(CER), realizing that demand remanufactured product is affected both market price manufacturer’s CER effort manufacturer responsible for CER, this study focuses on hybrid betwee...

The paper provides a framework to help the weak retailer delineate the circumstances that allow him to benefit from an alliance between the dominant retailer and the common manufacturer. We use a game-theoretic model to determine the optimal pricing and service strategies when channel members act independently then when the dominant retailer forms an alliance with the manufacturer. We find that...

Retail business is characterized by different business models: pure-play model and dual channel approach, which uses both physical and online channels to reach customers. There is conflicting evidence regarding the relative value of these business models to the consumers. We take a market valuation approach to evaluate the relative merits of both business models. We consider a panel of publicly...

This paper considers vertical relations between an upstream manufacturer and a downstream retailer that can independently obtain a low-quality, discount substitute. The analysis reveals that under full information the retailer offers both varieties only if it is optimal to do so under vertical integration. However, when the retailer is privately informed about demand, then the retailer will off...

This article analyzes a supply chain management system (SCM), with two echelons. We consider a perishable inventory with Poisson demand, exponential life time and positive lead time at distribution center (DC) and retailer. Partial backlogging at retailer node is assumed with limited quantity. (s, S) policy at retailer and (M-1, M) policy at DC are assumed to get a tractable analytic solution. ...

Supply chain coordination has received substantial attention in the operations literature in recent years. Coordination issues in supply chains arise due to several factors, an important one being the difference in the cost impact of inventory and replenishment decisions on the manufacturer and retailer. In this paper, we address this asymmetry in cost impact that can lead to sub-optimal channe...

Abstract In this paper we consider a system consisting of a retailer, a supplier with a single processing unit, and a repair center. We assume that the retailer faces a Poisson demand, his ordering cost is zero or negligible, and for his inventory control he applies one-for-one ordering policy, that is, as soon as a demand arrives he orders one unit to the supplier. We also assume that when a d...

In this paper we investigate the interplay between operations and financial decisions within the context of a two-echelon supply chain. A retailer purchases a single product from a supplier and afterwards sells it in the retail market to a random demand. The retailer, however, is budget-constrained and is therefore limited in the number of units that he may purchase from the supplier. We invest...