The multi-objective optimization for a multi-product multi-period four-echelon supply chain network consisting of manufacturing plants, distribution centers (DCs) and retailers each with uncertain services and uncertain customer nodes are aimed in this paper. The two objectives are minimization of the total supply chain cost and maximization of the average number of products dispatched to custo...

The present paper presents a basic framework for evaluating and optimizing profits in a business operation. In building up a business we are often faced with an infinity of choices ranging from what products or services to sell and what customers to target to how to manufacture and market the products. To support the decision-making process a semi-quantitative dimension is here added to the tra...

The major contribution of poultry consumption in improving per capita nutrients level is well documented. Further improvement would be possible by lowering the prices at the consumer level and by improving the profitability of producers. First we highlighted the major problems in poultry production and then focused to estimate the percentage share of different stake holders in total profitabili...

Ridesharing is undoubtedly appealing from a sustainability perspective; however, profit optimization is very important for commercial providers. As such, ridesharing offers a valuable opportunity to garner profit by reducing the number of driver-miles that need to be paid for in order to serve the same set of passengers. In this paper, we study profit optimization for commercial ridesharing ser...

In this paper, a system of GIG/l/K queue is considered. The optimal system's capacity (K), when the system is optimized with respect to the benefit of the entire system (social optimization) and when the criterion for optimality is individual gains (individual optimization), is determined and compared. In social optimization, the system capacity is obtained through maximization of the syst...

Companies can communicate marketing messages by a range of methods, including advertising, publicity, personal selling, public relations, direct marketing, sales promotions, sponsorships, packaging and branding. Each of these marketing communication elements has unique features that directly influence the role and function they could perform in Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategie...

It is common that when a stock out occurs at a retailer the customer may go to another retailer. This phenomenon is often referred to as the customer market search. This paper analyzes the one manufacturer two retailer supply chain while considering the customer market search behavior. Game theoretic models are built to investigate the implications of this phenomenon in scenarios where wholesal...

To survive in the ceaseless cycle of competition, businesses have developed strategies to become sustainable. These strategies include reusing products, which can lead not only to the creation of economic benefits but also to improvements in a corporation’s social and environmental responsibility. Product reuse can also increase the profit earned on new products by compensating customers who br...

⎯We consider a two-echelon supply chain with two retailers and one supplier. The retailers are supplied by the supplier who makes all the decisions and bears all the inventory risk. Throughout this paper, we consider two different inventory systems: a reserved inventory system and a pooled inventory system. With the reserved inventory system, the supplier keeps separate inventories for each ret...

We present and study a three-stage model of a decentralized distribution system consisting of n retailers, each of whom faces a stochastic demand for an identical product. In the first stage, before the demand is realized, each retailer independently orders her initial inventory. In the second stage, after the demand is realized, each retailer decides how much of her residual supply/demand she ...