ATP-dependent Mur ligases (Mur synthetases) play essential roles in the biosynthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) as they catalyze the ligation of key amino acid residues to the stem peptide at the expense of ATP hydrolysis, thus representing potential targets for antibacterial drug discovery. In this study we characterized the division/cell wall (dcw) operon and identified a promoter drivin...

Modular polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases are giant multienzymes that catalyze the assembly of a wide variety of bioactive natural products including several important clinical drugs. In simple mechanical terms, these systems function as molecular assembly lines, where each domain in the multienzyme performs its task once during the assembly process. However, several pol...

background & objectives: antisense peptide nucleic acids (pna) that target growth essential genes show potent bactericidal properties without cell lysis. we considered the possibility that whether pna treatment influence the bacteria total nucleic acids content and apply approach to develop a new delivery system to dendritic cells (dcs). dcs are the most potent antigen presenting cells in t...

The plant-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain B9601-Y2, isolated from wheat rhizosphere, is a powerful plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. Its relative large genome size of 4.24Mbp, exceeding that of other representatives of the B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum taxon, is mainly due to the presence of 18 DNA-islands containing remnants of phages, a unique restri...

The identity of metabolites encoded by the majority of nonribosomal peptide synthetases in the opportunistic pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus, remains outstanding. We found that the nonribosomal peptide (NRP) synthetases PesL and Pes1 were essential for fumigaclavine C biosynthesis, the end product of the complex ergot alkaloid (EA) pathway in A. fumigatus. Deletion of either pesL (ΔpesL) or pes...

Coronatine, syringomycin, syringopeptin, tabtoxin, and phaseolotoxin are the most intensively studied phytotoxins of Pseudomonas syringae, and each contributes significantly to bacterial virulence in plants. Coronatine functions partly as a mimic of methyl jasmonate, a hormone synthesized by plants undergoing biological stress. Syringomycin and syringopeptin form pores in plasma membranes, a pr...