welders exposure to nickel and hexavalent chromium in welding fumes is associated with increase of cancer risk in welders. in this study we calculated cancer risk due to exposure to these compounds in welders.the role of exposure parameters in welders on derived incremental lifetime cancer risk were determined by stochastic modeling of cancer risk. input parameters were determined by field inve...

Allocation of construction risks between clients and their contractors has a significant impact on the total construction costs. This paper presents a system dynamics (SD)-based approach for quantitative risk allocation. Using the proposed SD based approach, all the factors affecting the risk allocation process are modeled. The contractor’s defensive strategies against the one-sided risk alloca...

Change orders are inevitable in almost everyday’s construction project. They can significantly increase the project cost and duration, and lead to big number of claims and disputes, which in turn create an adversarial relationship among project participants. Studies revealed that improving the administrative process of change orders are beneficial in reducing the cost and risk for all the proje...

With the improving of software technology and the level of project management, the success of software project is not a special case. But this does not mean that software project can be finished easily. In fact, the success ratio of software project is still low. The existing of Software system aim to reduce the uncertainty of practical system, but the process of itself is full of uncertainty. ...

Risk is an inherent factor in the traveler's choice of destination. Tourism destinations differ in many aspects including their location, economic condition, cultural and political status and crime. Given such differences, the analysis of destination risk and its dimensions is of substantial interest. The current study explores the risk factors perceived about Iran as a tourism destination usin...

the substances responsible for saffron’s characteristic quality are crocins, picrocrocin, and safranal. the drying process is critical to the saffron quality as measured by levels of secondary metabolites, crocin (color and anti-tumor properties), picrocrocin (taste), and safranal (aroma). four different dehydration methods were evaluated: iranian traditional method (room temperature); dehydrat...