In this paper, we give method for probabilistic assignment to the Realistic Abduc-tive Reasoning Model, proposed in 1]. The knowledge is assumed to be represented in the form of causal chaining, namely, hyper-bipartite network. Hyper-bipartite network is the most generalized form of knowledge representation for which, so far, there has been no way of assigning the probability to the explanation...

In a trilogy of cases, the Supreme Court applied the Eighth Amendment to the entire category of juvenile offenders, repudiated its “death is different” jurisprudence, and required states to consider youthfulness as a mitigating factor in sentencing. Roper v. Simmons prohibited states from executing offenders for murder they committed when younger than eighteen years of age. Roper reasoned that ...

Abstract Much of the Martian surface is covered by a weathering layer (regolith or soil) produced long-term processes such as impact gardening, eolian erosion, water weathering, and glacial modifications. China’s first mission, Tianwen-1, employed Mars Rover Penetrating Radar (RoPeR) to unveil detailed structure regolith assess its loss tangent. The RoPeR radargram revealed local be highly hete...

The structure of objects employed in the study of Natural Language Semantics has been increasingly being complicated to represent the items of information conveyed by utterances. The complexity becomes a source of troubles when we employ those theories in building linguistic applications such as speech translation system. To understand better how programs operating on semantic representations w...

On the example of electroproduction 12 Λ B we show effects in cross section caused by various choices momentum initial proton. We have found that are quite noticeable, mainly for small kaon angles. This extention our model calculations beyond frosen-proton approximation represents an important improvement theoretical predictions.

Composite objects are descriptions of collections of components which themselves can be collections of their subcomponents. Efficient storage structuring and fast retrieval of the composite objects are essential to computer aided design applications of database management systems. This paper introduces two clustering methods: a structural clustering and a function-propagation clustering, in whi...

We consider an effective field theory of unstable particles (resonances) using the complex-mass renormalization. As an application we calculate the masses and the widths of the ρ meson and the Roper resonance.