irony is considered as a rhetorical device that is used more frequently than trope and metaphor. consequently, in spite of all their disagreements in defining irony varieties over centuries, rhetoricians have made significant efforts and have left some conspicuous works about it. al-kashāf al-zamakhshari commentary is the most well-known source of rhetorical interpretation that is referred to i...

aristotle took per impossibile as a form of hypothetical syllogism which was composed of a syllogistic and a non-syllogistic part. but he didn’t express the relation between these two parts clearly. alexander of aphrodisias and philoponus didn’t add any specific comments to aristotle’s view. al-farabi believed that per impossible includes three deductions: two categorical syllogisms and one exc...

the discourse of the :union: of the intellect and the intelligible is one of the important philosophical issues and porphyrius and aristotle can be mentioned as among the early advocates of it, which has been common among the peripatetics. however, kandī and fārābi can be mentioned among the early muslims who brought up the issue of the :union: of the intellect and the intelligible, but ibn sīn...

Objectives: The study aims to clarify the opinion of Al-Zamakhshari on revealing witticisms and rhetorical secrets in Holy Qura’an. It also present words interpreters who worked with eloquence verses Qur’an, weigh different perspectives these commentators. then concluded most plausible perspective. Methods: researcher proceeded issues according their interpretation Surat An-Nahl from Al-Kashsha...