BACKGROUND The science of toxicology has a long history and been highly valued in Islamic countries. Numerous scientists were the expert in this field, particularly during the third and fourth centuries. Through reading such literature and gaining the experience of the scientists, one can use such valuable information to promote this science. METHODS In this article, different sources of trad...

The issue of knowledge integration has been explored and described in the literature in many different ways and perspectives and by a significant number of authors. Knowledge integration can be seen as a process of distributed knowledge linking (Dougherty, 1992; Okhuysen & Eisenhardt, 2002) which is able to generate new value for organizations. In this vision a central activity of knowledge int...

The behaviour of a group cannot be simply reduced to the sum of the behaviour of individuals (Le Bon, 1895). Examples abound in nature: school of fish or swarms of insect act like a single individual, but with emergent properties, i.e. properties which none of the individuals in the group possess, but which appear when these individuals are grouped into a system. A key element characterising a ...

Among extant books of Sufis prose, the prose of Maqalat-e Shams-e Tabrizi has high and particular qualities. Its special language and the sensitivity that Shams shows in every point of his Maqalat regarding language makes us observe the dialectic between structure and meaning of language which is the results of forming a progressive prose compared to the prose of his contemporaries. Among ...

how to cite this article: kohmanaee sh, zarkesh m, tabrizi m, hassanzadeh rad a, divshali s, dalili s. biotinidase deficiency in newborns as respiratory distress and tachypnea: a case report. iran j child neurol. spring 2015; 9(2):58-60. abstract objective biotin is a coenzyme composed of four carboxylases. it presents in amino acid catabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and gluconeogenesis. biotini...