The sudden increase of X-radiation and EUV emission following solar flares causes additional ionization increased absorption electromagnetic (EM) waves in the Earth’s atmosphere. flare impact on ionosphere above Europe 05 06 December 2006 was investigated using ground-based (ionosonde VLF) satellite-based data (Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) derived from GNSS observations VLF measuremen...

The waste intermodal station of Clyde, in the city of Sydney, Australia, is in the heart of a complex network of terminals connected by road and rail to transport urban waste from its first collection to its final disposal. The amount of waste the network is projected to handle in 2015 will increase from about 340,000 tonnes/year in 2006 up to about 1.5 million tonnes/year, following population...

in recent decades, neyshabour basin as a semi-arid climate has faced with dramatic increasing of groundwater withdrawal. so, water demand management is important in this basin. in this study, the effects of evapotranspiration and rainfall on groundwater fluctuations have been considered with 22 rain gage and evaporation gage station data during 1973-2006. the average amount of rainfall and evap...

the impact of climate change in the next few decades will increase risks of wheat production under dryland conditions. therefore, it is important to find cultivars that are tolerant to these conditions and can provide reasonable yield under future climates. radiation use efficiency (rue) is the key factor determining the crop yield and is related to crop biomass and leaf area index (lai). t...

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Communicating editor: K. Kogame. †Present address: Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biological Station Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27489 Helgoland, Germany. Received 22 June 2005; accepted 15 May 2006. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1835.2006.00441.x Effect of epiphytism on reproductive and vegetative l...

Abstract. A 26-year, long-term record of atmospheric methane (CH4) measured in situ at the Mount Waliguan (WLG) station, only World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) global station inland Eurasia, is presented. Overall, a nearly continuous increase CH4 was observed WLG, with yearly growth rate 5.1±0.1 parts per billion (ppb) year during 1994–2019, except for so...

The relationship between instantaneous changes in fetal head station and cervical dilatation within the individual contraction during the active stage of labor were studied and an index of labor progress was suggested. Cervix dilatation and fetal head station were measured continuously in 30 nullipara women (mean age 27.5, standard deviation 4.8). The continuous measurements enabled the analysi...