This paper present a heuristic model to ease scenario construction and usage in interaction design processes. We argue that the role of scenarios varies: I) along the design process, thus scenario building and usage have to be attuned to the particular goal of the design phase; II) in respect to the people that will use them (e.g., design team, client, user), thereby scenarios have to suit in s...

[1] Studies attempting to constrain climate sensitivity, or equilibrium surface warming in response to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide, by comparing models with observations report a wide range of distributions, particularly regarding the upper bound. There is, by contrast, a considerable consensus surrounding the transient climate response, in large part because it is directly related...

Scenario-based modeling in live sequence charts (LSC) involves specifying multi-modal inter-object scenarios, in which events can be mandatory (hot) or possible (cold). In translating LSCs into automata over infinite words, an intermediate step constructs a kind of transition system that we call a modal state structure (MSS). Here we present MSSs as abstract forms of modal scenarios (with both ...

Perfection has been used as a criteria to select rearrangement scenarios since 2004. However, there is a fundamental bias towards extant species in the original definition: ancestral species are not bound to perfection. Here we develop a new theory of perfection that takes an egalitarian view of species, and apply it to the complex evolution of mammal chromosome X.

This paper reports on a study to examine the similarities and differences in experiencing an interpersonal scenario with real and virtual humans. A system that allows medical students to interview a life-size virtual patient using natural speech and gestures was used as a platform for this comparison. Study participants interviewed either a virtual patient or a standardized patient, an actor tr...

The usefulness of stress tests as risk management tool crucially depends on the choice of stress scenarios: if the scenario is too implausible, the stress test results will be ignored by management. Unfortunately, there is no generally accepted standard how to choose scenarios. Many institutions apply some standardized scenarios derived from extreme market moves in the past. A substantial drawb...

Scenarios are widely used in requirements analysis and other activities, but their informality is a challenge for reasoning about them and providing significant tool support. This research describes an approach for identifying aspects of scenarios that people use consistently, structuring them, and using this structure to support work with scenarios. Our approach clarifies how scenarios can be ...

Influence diagrams serve as a powerful tool for modelling symmetric decision problems. When solving an influence diagram we de­ termine a set of strategies for the decisions involved. A strategy for a decision variable is in principle a function over its past. How­ ever, some of the past may be irrelevant for the decision, and for computational reasons it is important not to deal with redundant...

The main features of four-neutrino 3+1 and 2+2 mixing schemes are reviewed, after a discussion on the necessity of at least four massive neutrinos if the solar, atmospheric and LSND anomalies are due to neutrino oscillations.