The Gamma-Ray burst (GRB) afterglow transition is one of the most interesting and least studied GRB phases. During this phase the relativistic ejecta begins interacting with the surrounding matter. A strong short lived reverse shock propagates into the ejecta (provided that it is baryonic) while the forward shock begins to shape the surrounding matter into a Blandford-McKee profile. We suggest ...

Shape transformations and budding of phospholipid/fatty acid giant vesicles can be induced by an internal chemical stimulus (pH change) when coupled with osmotic shock. A kinetic model the ADE theory help to clarify mechanism.

Abstract We present a basic model for the calculation of luminosity distribution supernova remnant populations. construct theoretical H$\rm \alpha \,$and joint [S ii] - \,$luminosity functions remnants by combining prescriptions from evolution that provides shock velocity and radius SNRs different age pre-shock density, with excitation models give gas emissivity shocks physical parameters. assu...

In the present study, a novel concave bump for impinging-shock control in two-dimensional supersonic flows is investigated. An analytical method preliminary design based on generalized shape of shock-canceling has been developed and verified numerically. extensive proof-of-concept study was performed at freestream Mach number ranging from 2.5 to 5.0 shock-generator angles varying 6 12 degrees. ...

Crystals of energetic materials, such as HMX, embedded in plastic binders are the building blocks plastic-bonded explosives. Such heterogeneous materials contain microstructural features sharp corners, interfaces between crystal and binder, intra- extra-granular voids, other defects. Energy localization or hotspots arise during shock interaction with heterogeneities, leading to initiation PBXs....

Introduction Controlling the seeds and the growth of Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability during the acceleration phase of imploding shells is crucial to the success of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Since the RT growth is damped by the ablative flow off the shell’s outer surface, target performances are greatly improved by target designs with enhanced ablation velocity. A significant increase ...

Two-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic ~MHD! simulations are presented that demonstrate several novel phenomena in MHD shock formation. The stationary symmetrical flow of a uniform, planar, field-aligned, low-b and superfast magnetized plasma around a perfectly conducting cylinder is calculated. The velocity of the incoming flow is chosen such that the formation of fast switch-on shocks is p...

Evolution of fast, radiative shocks in high density medium is presented. Ionizing spectra and approximate broad band light curves of the shocked gas are calculated. Emergent shock spectra, as seen by a distant observer, are obtained from photoionization models. The emergent spectra have a power-law shape Fν ∝ ν −α with mean spectral index α ∼ 0.6 − 1.0 in the energy range 0.01 − 10 keV, and hav...

This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigation of a new concept of switches (triggers) that are actuated at or beyond a specific level of mechanical shock or acceleration. The principle of operation of the switches is based on dynamic pull-in instability induced by the combined interaction between electrostatic and mechanical shock forces. These switches can be tuned to be activ...