Executive Summary Overview Previously, Mills and Wiser [2012] found a decline in the marginal economic value of different variable generation (VG) technologies with increasing penetration levels. Economic value in this case is primarily based on the avoided costs form other non-renewable power plants in the power system including capital investment cost, variable fuel, and variable operations a...

The concept of the ventricular gradient (VG) was conceived in the 1930s and its calculation yielded information that was not otherwise obtainable. The VG was not utilized by clinicians at large because it was not easy to understand and its computation time-consuming. Spatial vectorcardiography is based on the concept of the VG. Its current major clinical use is to identify primary [heterogeneit...

Long-term consequences of glomerular enlargement after transplantation are not well understood. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between glomerular volume (Vg) estimated in protocol biopsies, graft function and graft survival. Vg and Banff chronic damage score were evaluated in protocol biopsies at 4 months. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) was estimated by the Cockroft-Gault formula. Vg esti...

Accelerated intimal hyperplasia in response to altered flow environment is critical to the process of vein bypass graft failure. Lack of a reproducible animal model for dissecting the mechanisms of vein graft (VG) remodeling has limited progress toward solving this clinically significant problem. Combining a cuffed anastomotic technique with other surgical manipulations, we developed a well-def...

We prove that if G = (VG, EG) is a finite, simple, and undirected graph with κ components and independence number α(G), then there exist a positive integer k ∈ N and a function f : VG → N0 with non-negative integer values such that f(u) ≤ dG(u) for u ∈ VG, α(G) ≥ k ≥ ∑ u∈VG 1 dG(u)+1−f(u) , and ∑ u∈VG f(u) ≥ 2(k − κ). This result is a best-possible improvement of a result due to Harant and Schi...

Vitellogenesis is the process of yolk formation via accumulating vitellin (Vn) with nutrients in the oocytes. Expression of vitellogenin (Vg), the precursor of Vn, is one of the indicators for the start of vitellogenesis. In Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), the type-II vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH-2) effectively suppresses hepatopancreatic Vg mRNA expression. In this study...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of three different ventilatory modes: volume controlled ventilation (VCV), pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) and pressure controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) on arterial oxygenation and airway pressure during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in elderly patients. METHODS We enrolled 66 patients who underwent thoracic su...

OBJECTIVE The role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in vein graft (VG) remodeling is undefined. We examined the effect of PAI-1 on VG intimal hyperplasia and tested the hypothesis that PAI-1 regulates VG thrombin activity. METHODS AND RESULTS VGs from wild-type (WT), Pai1(-/-), and PAI-1-transgenic mice were implanted into WT, Pai1(-/-), or PAI-1-transgenic arteries. VG remodeling...

Three hundred commensal Escherichia coli recovered from healthy herbivorous, carnivorous, and omnivorous mammals from one zoo were characterized for their phylogenetic origin, intestinal virulence gene (VG) prevalence, and genomic diversity. The phylogenetic structure of the E. coli (groups A, B1, B2, and D) from the herbivores was homogenous, with a prevailing representation of group B1. In th...

Given a graph G = (VG,EG), a set I ⊆VG is independent if there is no edge of G between any two vertices of I. A maximal independent set is an independent set that is not a proper subset of any other independent set. The dual of an independent set is a clique, in the sense that clique corresponds to an independent set in the complement graph. The set of all maximal independent sets of a graph G ...