As politicians in the 1990s shrank welfare appropriations and tinkered with eligibility rules, many researchers examined American welfare attitudes. In doing so, separate lines of research argued that welfare-spending inclinations can be swayed by a person’s class, race and gender statuses. Moreover, different studies connected welfare appraisals to a person’s explanation of poverty, racial ine...

Welfare state theory has struggled to come to terms with the role of the third sector. It has often categorized welfare states in terms of the pattern of interplay between state social policies and the structure of the labour market. Moreover, it has frequently offered an exclusive focus on state policy - thereby failing to substantially recognize the role of the formally organized third sector...

In the context of introduction of deregulatory policy measures and subsequent wave of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in Indian corporate sector since 1991, the present paper attempts to examine the welfare implications of this wave. It is found that M&A do not have any significant impact on consumers’ welfare. Instead, consumers’ welfare is significantly influenced by exports intensity, imports...

The main goal of this paper is to develop an empirical framework for evaluating the patient welfare benefits arising from pharmaceutical innovation. Extending previous studies of the welfare benefits from innovation (Trajtenberg, 1990; Hausman, 1996), this paper unpacks the separate choices made by physicians and patients in pharmaceutical decisionmaking and develops an estimable econometric mo...

Of all of the welfare reforms that were implemented during the 1990s, time limits may represent the single greatest break from past policy. This paper expands on what is known about this important welfare reform measure by exploiting the predictions from Grogger and Michalopoulos (2003) to estimate the effects of time limits on welfare use, employment, labor supply, earnings, and income among f...

Since the implementation of Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996, the prevalence of welfare participation among single mothers has dropped dramatically, from 25% in 1996 to 9% today. At the same time, the fraction of single mothers who work increased from 74% in 1996 to 79% today. But these trends actually began as early as 19931994. The goal of this ...

In a widely cited 1995 paper, Aaron Yelowitz concluded that Medicaid eligibility expansions for children were associated with increased labor force participation and reduced welfare participation among single mothers. The authors of the present study, using data from the 1988–96 Current Population Surveys, reexamine the evidence presented by Yelowitz. They find that Yelowitz's results resulted ...

During abattoir meat inspection pig carcasses are partially or fully condemned upon detection of disease that poses a risk to public health or welfare conditions that cause animal suffering e.g. fractures. This incurs direct financial losses to producers and processors. Other health and welfare-related conditions may not result in condemnation but can necessitate 'trimming' of the carcass e.g. ...

Animal welfare is of multi-dimensional nature, and its assessment should be based on a variety of measures. Traditionally, farm animal welfare assessment has focused on ‚inputs’ such as resources and management practices provided to the animals. Especially during the last decade, however, the use of animal-based ‚outcome’ measures has been advocated since they are considered to directly reflect...

In fiscal year 1984, public social welfare expenditures’ reached $672.0 billion, an increase of 4.7 percent over the amount spent by Federal, State, and local governments in 1983. Measured in constant (1984) dollars, the increase was only 0.5 percent more than the previous year’s amount and was the lowest real increase since 1978-79. Public welfare spending represented 18.2 percent of the gross...