The sea spray generation function quantifies the rate at which spray droplets of a given size are produced at the sea surface. As such, it is important in studies of the marine aerosol and its optical properties and in understanding the role that sea spray plays in transferring heat and moisture across the air–sea interface. The emphasis here is on this latter topic, where uncertainty over the ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of nasal diamorphine spray with intramuscular morphine for analgesia in children and teenagers with acute pain due to a clinical fracture, and to describe the safety profile of the spray. DESIGN Multicentre randomised controlled trial. SETTING Emergency departments in eight UK hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged between 3 and 16 years presenting wi...

The porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antibody and DNA status of porcine plasma products collected during the commercial spray-drying process were evaluated. Samples evaluated included 52 pooled liquid plasma (fresh) samples collected at 14 regional abattoirs before transport to 1 of 2 spray-drying facilities, 32 pooled liquid plasma (concentrated) samples collected after arrival at the spray-dr...

We find that Mycobacterium smegmatis survives spray drying and retains cell viability in accelerated temperature stress (40 °C) conditions with a success rate that increases with increasing thermal, osmotic, and nutrient-restriction stresses applied to the mycobacterium prior to spray drying. M. smegmatis that are spray dried during log growth phase, where they suffer little or no nutrient-redu...

With rising concerns about pesticide spray drift by aerial application, this study attempt to evaluate aerodynamic property and collection efficiency of according the leaf area index (LAI) crop for preventing undesirable contamination spray-drift tunnel experiment. The plant with ‘Low’ LAI was measured at 16.13% a wind speed 1 m·s-1. As increased 2 m·s-1, same level 1.80 times higher 29.06%. Fo...

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of spray-dried blood meal and its pH on nursery pig performance. Spray-dried blood meal pH decreases as storage time increases prior to spray drying. In Exp. 1, addition of 2.5% spray-dried blood meal to the diet improved ADG and ADFI in nursery pigs (15.4 lb to 35.9 lb), but did not influence feed efficiency. In Exp. 2, the inclusion of 5% spr...

Spray combustion is encountered in many engineering applications, such as internal combustion engines and gas-turbine aircraft engines. In these systems, the concurrent processes of liquid atomization, droplet evaporation, turbulent dispersion, and combustion interact and strongly affect each other, which makes experimental measurement and high-fidelity simulation challenging. To understand the...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior of florfenicol spray-dried nanosuspersion after oral administration to rabbits and to compare its oral bioavailability characteristics to that of a known soluble powder. Florfenicol spray-dried nanosuspersion was produced by high pressure homogenization followed by spray drying. Plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC....

Whether spray or immersion fixation results in higher adequacy rates for thyroid fine-needle aspiration is not known. I compared 1-year adequacy rates, number of cells, and atypia rates for immersion fixation with split spray fixation and immersion. Adequacy rates increased from 71.9% (289/402) for complete immersion to 78.1% (332/425) with spray fixation of half of the slides (P = .02). The sp...

Spray drying is a commonly used method of drying a liquid feed through a hot gas. This study aims to obtain the empirical model of the spray drying process of full cream milk using a nozzle atomizer spray dryer, Lab-Plant SD 05 Laboratory Scale Spray Dryer. Inlet air temperature was chosen as the manipulated variable and outlet air temperature was the controlled variable. No disturbance was con...