Oscillations may play a role in the functional organization of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits, and it is important to understand their underlying mechanisms. The cortex often drives basal ganglia (BG) activity, and particularly, oscillatory activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, the STN may also indirectly influence cortex. The aim of this study was to characterize ...

BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been reported to relieve motor symptoms and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). Although it has been suggested that stimulation of the STN may be superior to stimulation of the GPi, comparative trials are limited. OBJECTIVE To extend our rand...

Background It has been suggested that parkinsonian [Parkinson's disease (PD)] patients might have a "dominant" (DOM) subthalamic nucleus (STN), whose unilateral electrical stimulation [deep brain stimulation (DBS)] could lead to an improvement in PD symptoms similar to bilateral STN-DBS. Objectives Since disability in PD patients is often related to gait problems, in this study, we wanted to ...

BACKGROUND Rapid action stopping leads to global motor suppression. This is shown by studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure corticospinal excitability of task-unrelated effectors (e.g., from the hand during speech stopping). We hypothesize that this global suppression relates to the STN of the basal ganglia. Several STN local field potential studies in PD patients have shown...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and antiparkinsonian medication have proved to be effective treatments for tremor in Parkinson's disease. To date it is not known how and to what extent STN DBS alone and in combination with antiparkinsonian medication alters the pathophysiology of resting and postural tremor in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this stu...

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective therapy for off-period motor symptoms and dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease. Clinical studies have shown that STN-DBS also ameliorates urinary bladder function in Parkinson's disease patients by delaying the first desire to void and increasing bladder capacity. This study aimed at investigating the effect of STN-DBS ...

Functional connectivity (FC) between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the sensorimotor cortex is increased in off-medication patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the status of FC between STN and sensorimotor cortex in on-medication PD patients remains unclear. In this study, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed on 31 patients with PD under medication and...

Sialyl-Tn (STn) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen overexpressed in various carcinomas. To obtain its expression, murine carcinoma cells were transfected with the cDNA encoding ST6GalNAc I, a glycosyltransferase that acts exclusively on O-glycans. Overexpression of this enzyme led to the expected expression of cell surface STn epitopes. Surprisingly, the transfectants (STn+ cells) prese...

This study examined the effects of prolonged (4 days) high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), in comparison with those of STN lesion, on the dopamine denervation-mediated cellular changes in the basal ganglia in a Wistar rat model of Parkinson's disease. STN HFS counteracted the dopamine lesion-induced increase in GAD67 mRNA expression in the output structures of the ...

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is hypothesized to play a central role in the rapid stopping of movement in reaction to a stop signal. Single-unit recording evidence for such a role is sparse, however, and it remains uncertain how that role relates to the disparate functions described for anatomic subdivisions of the STN. Here we address that gap in knowledge using non-human primates and a task t...