The ability to write effectively is becoming progressively important and instruction in writing is assuming an increasing role in second and foreign language education. Students’ writing abilities have been tested through various writing tasks. Independent tasks of writing or writing-only tasks have been utilized to test students’ writing ability; however, they have been criticized for their la...

This study explored the effects of 2 different types of strategies—translatedwriting vs. reading to write—in the writings of some of Iranian EFL learners inEsfahan Payamenoor University. The results showed no significant differences inthe students’ writings (in the 2 experimental groups and 1 control group) for thepretest topic. With respect to the posttest, the results, however, indicated that...

representanve' La 1011a' CA (Us) The invention provides a family of 2-Write WOM-codes, pre (73) Assigneez THE REGENTS OF THE ferred embodiments of Which provide improved WOM-rates. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Embodiments of the invention provide constructs for linear Oakland CA (Us) ' codes C having a 2-Write WOM-code. Embodiments of the ' invention provide 2-Write WOM-codes that improve the best ...

In recent years, a number of large-scale writing assessments (e.g., TOEFL iBT) have employed integrated writing tests to measure test takers’ academic writing ability. Using a quantitative method, the current study examined how written textual features and use of source material(s) varied across two types of text-based integrated writing tasks (i.e., listening-to-write vs. reading-to-write) and...