In this paper, we present a new method to analyze unordered n-grams by using ZBDDs (Zero-suppressed BDDs). n-grams have been used not only for text analysis but also for text indexing in some search engines. We newly use a variation of n-grams called unordered n-grams. Unordered n-grams abstract from the position of the characters in each n-gram, i.e., they just deal with the range of ordinary ...

It is widely known that statistical learning of visual symbol sequences occurs implicitly (Kim et al., 2009). In this study, we examined whether people can learn the serial order of visual symbols when they cannot detect them. During the familiarization phase, triplets or quadruplets of novel symbols were presented to one eye under continuous flash suppression (CFS). Perception of the symbols w...

The representations of assembly knowledge and assembly sequences are crucial in assembly planning, where the size of parts involved is a significant and often prohibitive difficulty. Zero-suppressed binary decision diagram (ZBDD) is an efficient form to represent and manipulate the sets of combination, and appears to give improved results for large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. In ...