A proper set of models are carefully selected from the literatures to form a wholistic perspective in simulating the wave propagation in evaporation ducts, under a close-to-realistic environment. The split-step Fourier (SSF) propagation algorithm is applied to analyze the propagation properties in evaporation ducts above a rough sea surface, with turbulence in the ducts. The scattering effect o...

The exchange kinetics of liquid water, which are of fundamental interest and have potential applications, remain unclear. A fantastic and extraordinary phenomenon was observed during the evaporation of a water droplet doped with manganese chloride. As observed from the evolution of this type of droplet, a thin film was formed on the surface with an exothermic phase transition, resulting in self...

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to model the evaporation of a Lennard–Jones argon nanodroplet into its own vapor for a wide range of ambient temperatures and ambient pressures. The transitions from i high to low Knudsen number evaporation and ii subcritical to supercritical evaporation are observed. At a low ambient pressure of 0.4 MPa, the initial droplet Knudsen number is 1 and the dr...

Balanced equations of a binary mixture for molecular distillation (MD) were derived on the basis of relation of heat and mass transfer in liquid films on both the evaporating and condensing surface. Effects of feed temperature and condenser temperature on film thickness, film surface temperature and concentration, degree of evaporation and concentration of distillate were analyzed for MD. The l...

The Penman-Monteith formulation of evaporation has been criticised for its reliance upon point estimates so that areal estimates of wetland evaporation based upon single weather stations may be misleading. Typically, wetlands comprise a complex mosaic of land cover types from each of which evaporative rates may differ. The need to account for wetland patches when monitoring hydrological fluxes ...

A numerical and experimental study is performed on transient natural convection in an insulated rectangular tank. The liquid is suddenly heated by a line source or cooled by a line sink being placed at the center of the free surface to initiate a thermocapillary force. Evaporation or condensation takes place on the free surface. A finite-difference technique is employed to numerically integrate...

Molecular simulation is used to elucidate hydrophobic interaction at atmospheric pressure where liquid water between apolar walls is metastable with respect to capillary evaporation. The steep increase of the estimated activation barrier of evaporation with surface–surface separation explains the apparent stability of the liquid at distances more than an order of magnitude below the thermodynam...

Evaporation-induced self-assemblies (EISAs) with various morphologies were selectively fabricated by drying a solution containing polypyrrole nanoparticles. The morphogenesis of EISAs was strongly dependent upon the solvent evaporation rate and the nanoparticle concentration. In the case of fast evaporation, 2-D dendrites or pseudo 1-D dendrites were observed. When the liquid medium evaporated ...

Nanostructuring of drug delivery systems offers many promising applications like precise control of dissolution and release kinetics, enhanced activities, flexibility in terms of surface coatings, integration into implants, designing the appropriate scaffolds or even integrating into microelectronic chips etc. for different desired applications. In general such kind of structuring is difficult ...

Recent theoretical and experimental studies of evaporation have suggested that on average, molecules in the higher-energy tail of the Boltzmann distribution are more readily transferred into the vapor during evaporation. To test these conclusions, the evaporative cooling rates of a droplet train of liquid water injected into vacuum have been studied via Raman thermometry. The resulting cooling ...