Although human T cell leukemia virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) share similar genetic organization, they have major differences in their pathogenesis and disease manifestation. HTLV-1 is capable of transforming T lymphocytes in infected patients resulting in adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma whereas HTLV-2 is not clearly associated with lymphoproliferative diseases. Numerous studies have pro...

Background: After revenue-sharing system reform, the proportion of tax refund in fiscal transfer payments continued to decline, and the proportion of categorical grant and condition grant is increased. The paper studies how transfer payment structure effect fiscal efficiency from the perspective of local financial revenue structure. Methods: This paper use the SE-DEA model to measures the finan...

Adam, Antonis, Kammas, Pantelis, and Lapatinas, Athanasios—Income inequality and the tax structure: Evidence from developed and developing countries This paper seeks to examine the effect of income inequality on the structure of tax policies. We first use a simplified theoretical framework which allows us to formalize the testable implications of the relevant literature. Subsequently, our analy...

This paper examines the interaction between investment and financing decisions of a firm using a real options approach. The firm is endowed with a perpetual option to invest in a project at any time by incurring an irreversible investment cost at that instant. The amount of the irreversible investment cost is directly related to the intensity of investment that is endogenously chosen by the fir...

malaysia, as a small and developing country, must reduce carbon emissions because the country is one of the top co2-emitting countries in the asean region. therefore, the current study implements two environmental tax policies; carbon and energy taxes, in order to examine the impacts of these policies on the reduction of carbon emission in the whole of the economy by applying a computable gener...

This paper identifies the determinants of tax revenue in sub-Saharan Africa using an unbalanced panel dataset of 39 countries over the period 1980-2005. A set of factors that can potentially influence tax revenues such as the tax base, structural factors, foreign aid and conflict, is considered in the econometric analysis. Our contribution is that besides the analysis of the determinants of the...