A socio-cultural theory of learning places importance on the social and cultural context of the learning as well as the interaction between a more expert other and the learner. Scaffolding at the level of interaction may be defined as micro-scaffolding, and support which can be found in the context of the learning can be referred to as macroscaffolding. This paper reports on research carried ou...

The aim of this article is twofold. First, the final results of two research projects, which investigated the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on primary schools teachers in disadvantaged areas in Brazil (BET k-12) and South Africa (MELISSA), are presented and discussed. Second, the Self-Efficacy construct is proposed as a tool to measure how teachers’ perception of bein...

OBJECTIVE To examine the perceived effect of teaching clinical skills and associated teacher training programmes on general practitioners' morale and clinical practice. DESIGN Qualitative semistructured interview study. SETTING General practices throughout north London. SUBJECTS 30 general practitioners who taught clinical skills were asked about the effect of teaching and teacher trainin...

In this paper, instead of designing new features based on intuition, linguistic knowledge and domain, we learn some new and effective features using the deep autoencoder (DAE) paradigm for phrase-based translation model. Using the unsupervised pre-trained deep belief net (DBN) to initialize DAE’s parameters and using the input original phrase features as a teacher for semi-supervised fine-tunin...

An important aspect of systems biology is the concept of modeling the dynamics of biochemical networks where molecules are the nodes and the molecular interactions are the edges. Due to the size and complexity of these networks, intuition alone is not sufficient to fully grasp their dynamical behavior. Instead an explicit mathematical description of the network and its interaction dynamics is u...

“The best way for adaptive agents to learn is to be exposed to problems that are just a little more difficult than those they already know how to solve”. While this has been a guiding concept in developing algorithms for gradient construction in coevolution, it has remained largely an intuition rather than a formal concept. In this paper, we build on the ordertheoretic formulation of coevolutio...

the concept of teacher efficacy has received significant attention in educational contexts in the recent years and has been empirically probed at 2 levels: individual teacher efficacy and collective teacher efficacy. having their origins in the social cognitive theory, teacher and collective efficacy perceptions are quite distinct constructs, each affecting educational decisions and student ach...

School has to qualify students to use mathematical knowledge and competences in a flexible way in different situations. For that they have to understand fundamental concepts and techniques of mathematics. They have to be able to use standard-procedures to solve problems in well-known situations as well as to use flexible different strategies to solve non-routine problems. Learning the basics li...