Iran contributes to the stock enhancement of several economically valuable fish species, including the Caspian salmon, S. trutta caspius, by producing and releasing millions of fingerlings into the sea. This work was conducted to determine the production costs of the Caspian salmon fingerlings in the years 2002 and 2003. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and filled in by an expert ...

introduction: many post-surgical wound infections in hospitals cause morbidity and morality of patients and these are usually transmitted via hands of surgical personnel. the aim of the present study was to detect and antibiogram the bacterial agents following scrubbing of hands of surgical personnel before operation. methods: hands of 134 personnels of operation room were swabbed following scr...

This paper analyzes the impact of wage comparisons among inequity-averse agents on optimal incentive intensities in a linear–exponential–normal moral hazard model with multi-tasking. We consider individual and team production tasks that differ in that only individual production causes wage inequality. If the tasks are substitutes in the agents’ effort cost functions, the principal might want to...

Are women disproportionately attracted to work environments where cooperation rather than competition is rewarded? This paper reports the results of a real-effort experiment in which participants choose between an individual compensation scheme and a team-based payment scheme. We find that women are more likely than men to select team-based compensation in our baseline treatment, but women and ...

Some new ideas in the theory of teams in grammar systems are introduced and studied. Traditionally, a team is formed from a nite number of sets of productions and in every derivation step, one production from each component is used to rewrite a symbol of the sentential form. Hence rewriting is done in parallel. Several derivation modes are considered, varying from using a team exactly one time ...