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although the shelling and bombing against the residential areas have been prohibited in the international law, the iraqi regime used these tools frequently to advance its military and political strategy. these attacks were escalated after the kheibar operation. this article considers the definitions and concepts of the war of the cities and then studies the trend of this war during the iran-ira...

in the islamic civilization and our era, a lot of literary critics became famous, but we hardly ever remember the writer of alghadir, alameh abdulhussein amini, as a great literary critic. in fact he is skillful in his work and use exact meaning in his literature works. yet the writers have forgotten him as a literary critic or theyhave indicated that they forget him. in this essay, i would lik...

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a supreme pathogen in tropical and subtropical areas. During 2014-2015, a total of 393 tomato samples showing Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) symptoms were collected from six different provinces of Iraq. In serological assays, 55 out of 393 samples (14%) reacted positively with TYLCV-specific antibodies .The presence of TYLCV was verified in 21 (...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations between cytokines and insulin sensitivity in Swedish residents born in Iraq and Swedish residents born in Sweden. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS Iraqi and Swedish origin residents of Rosengård area of Malmö, aged 45-65 years, were randomly selected from the census register. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS 194 (Iraqi, n=107; Swedish, n=87) participan...

Several  studies  have  indicated  that  the  range  and  linguistics  expressions  of  external modifiers  available  in  one  language  differ  from  those  available  in  another  language.  The present study aims to investigate the cross-cultural differences and similarities with regards to  the  realization  of  request  external  modifications.  To  this  end,  30  Iraqi  and  30  Malay u...

shiism, like other islamic sects, believed in the existence of sharia as a comprehensive guide from allah. in the islamic primary sources, as in quran and traditions which are the primary basis for the political fiqh, sharia entered the political life arena of the moslems. from the early second century so far, shiite political fiqh started developing. this trend towards political fiqh was stren...