ion here being understood as that which escapes or abstracts from normative structural enclosure, as juxtaposed with the submissiveness or enclosure imposed by those in positions of authority who sought to impose mere learning, as opposed to the cultivation of creativity; the former being equated by Stirner to subservience, the latter to freedom of the ego. For Stirner, the intrinsic characteri...

this article tries to compare two contiguous concepts inzoroaster’s gāthas, “spэništa mainyu”- “spэnta mainyu”, withtwo others in ibn arabi’s mystical system, “al-fayḍ al-aqdas”-“al-fayḍ al-muqaddas”. by this comparison, we are in quest ofarraying an explanation of two basic concepts of the gāthaswithin the theories of a major figure of islamic mysticism ratherthan corresponding these two to th...

the international relations course was basically under the dominion of positivistic realistic (and in its newest form, the neorealistic) tendencies, and accordingly provided some concepts as a basis for analyzing the international relation and global policies. but since 1980s and under the influence of the changes caused by the emerge of post structuralist and post modernist approaches in the a...

In this paper we are concerned with cuts in models of Samuel Buss' theories of bounded arithmetic, i.e. theories like $S_{2}^i$ and $T_{2}^i$. In correspondence with polynomial induction, we consider a rather new notion of cut that we call p-cut. We also consider small cuts, i.e. cuts that are bounded above by a small element. We study the basic properties of p-cuts and small cuts. In particula...

Critical intellectuals were traditionally those who utilized their skills of speaking and writing to denounce injustices and abuses of power, and to fight for truth, justice, progress, and other positive values. In the words of Jean-Paul Sartre (1974: 285), "the duty of the intellectual is to denounce injustice wherever it occurs." The modern critical intellectual's field of action was what Hab...