Hail and thunderstorm statistics for the 1951-60 period obtained from 119 U.S. Weather Bureau stations in Illinois were conlbined n-ith crop-hail insurance data for this same period for performing a detailed climatological investigation of the frequencies of hail days and thunderstorm days in Illinois. In the crop-growing season thunderstorms occur on 1 out of every 2 days on the average and ha...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To document the existence and investigate the etiology of "thunderstorm asthma," which has been reported sporadically over the past 20 years. DESIGN We assessed the relationship between thunderstorms, air pollutants, aeroallergens, and asthma admissions to a children's hospital emergency department over a 6-year period. RESULTS During thunderstorm days (n = 151 days) compar...

The charge transport within thunderclouds by the convective motions of the cloud is examined. I n the presencc of the primary positive dipole, shielding charge distributions are formed within thc lower and upper cloud boundaries as the result of ion conduction from the free air and ion capture by droplets and precipitation in peripheral cloud layers. Cloud droplets positivcly charged by the con...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract The build-up of intrinsic Bjerrum and ionic defects at ice-vapor interfaces electrically charges ice surfaces and thus gives rise to many phenomena including thermoelectric-ity, ferroelectric ice films, sparks from objects in blizzards, electromagnetic em...

[1] Inputs of heat and moisture through surface energy exchanges are important in the evolution of diurnally modulated thunderstorms. As part of the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment (MCTEX) conducted on the Tiwi Islands, northern Australia, we measured the surface energy exchanges above the dominant surface types (savanna, grassland, forest and shallow tidal strait). Measurements were...

The Altus Cumulus Electrification Study (ACES) is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)based project that investigated thunderstorms in the vicinity of the Florida Everglades in August 2002. ACES was conducted to investigate storm electrical activity and its relationship to storm morphology, and to validate satellite-based lightning measurements. In addition, as part of the NASA sponsored UAV-based ...