introduction:changes caused by grazing on range ecosystem are generally assessed based on the soil conditions and vegetation. livestock as one of the major elements in range land ecosystems has different effects on different parts of this ecosystem. one of these impacts is excessive livestock grazing capacity which can have different effects on soils and plants in various intensities. materials...

This study aims to assess the effect of grazing intensity on vegetation structure, soil nutrient concentrations and soil physical properties. The study was carried out in steppe rangelands of Saveh, Markazi province, Iran. Four sites with four grazing intensities including very high, high, moderate and non-grazed with the same ecological conditions were selected. To study various vegetation and...

Debates on the relative merits of resistance (the ability of the host to control the parasite lifecycle) and tolerance (the net impact of infection on host performance) are often lively and unhindered by data or evidence. Resistance generally shows continuous, heritable variation but data are sparser for tolerance, the utility of which will depend upon the disease prevalence. Prevalence is a fu...

a primary uses from iran rangelands is livestock grazing and the major livestock is sheep. sheep grazing on the slopes above 60%, because of using a lot of energy for grazing operation, caused to not only reduces livestock performance but also increases the risk of erosion. sheep grazing in an area where more than five kilometers away from water sources, due to the prolongation of the march rou...

Semi-steppe rangelands are a complex, highly dynamic and often multi-layered mosaic of grassland, shrubland, and intermediate communities. A few recent studies have explicitly or implicitly developed synthetic hypotheses about how interactive effects of human made disturbances initiate dynamic changes in plant community composition to cause a shifting mosaic of vegetation pattern across the lan...

Semi-steppe rangelands are a complex, highly dynamic and often multi-layered mosaic of grassland, shrubland, and intermediate communities. A few recent studies have explicitly or implicitly developed synthetic hypotheses about how interactive effects of human made disturbances initiate dynamic changes in plant community composition to cause a shifting mosaic of vegetation pattern across the lan...

successful pasture-based milk production systems pivot on balancing dairy cows’ feed requirements with seasonal and annual fluctuations in pasture production. in order to maximise cow production from grazing dairy systems, it is necessary to reach an efficient utilization of grazed grass for feeding cows and the development of appropriate grazing management systems designed to maximize daily pa...

this research was conducted to recognize sibak-sardab watershed rangeland potentials, evaluate and determine of suitability classes for sheep grazing. in this research, we used the proposed method of fao (1992) and for information layers crossing used in geographical information system (gis). in this research, sensitivity to erosion, water resources and forage production are three basic compone...