This paper deals with topical and sub-topical functions in a class of ordered Banach spaces. The separation theorem for downward sets and sub-topical functions is given. It is established some best approximation problems by sub-topical functions and we will characterize sub-topical functions as superimum of elementary sub-topical functions.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common cutaneous disease in the middle-east countries such as Iran. Khoozestan is an endemic area for it. The importance of this disease is in the formation of an ugly scar on the face, which damages beauty. There hasn’t been any effective topical treatment for this disease yet. Objective: To assess the effect of topical opium in the treatment...

recently, small incision cataract extraction by phaco and implantation of a foldable intraocular lense with topical anesthesia has used in an attempt to decrease the complication of general anesthesia and peribulbar injection. to compare effects and complications of topical, local and general anesthesia, 92 patients admitted to imam hosein hospital for cataract surgery, were randomly assigned t...

introduction:   palmoplantar psoriasis could hardly be differentiated from chronic tylotic eczema both clinically and histologically. the most commonly used therapeutic options for palmoplantar psoriasis are long-term therapy with topical corticosteroids and local puva. frequently, it is a recalcitrant disease. we investigated the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of topical calcipot...

background: topical anesthesia has been widely advocated as an important component of atraumatic administration of intraoral local anesthesia. the aim of this study was to use direct observation of children’s behavioral pain reactions during local anesthetic injection using cotton-roll vibration method compared with routine topical anesthesia. materials and methods: forty-eight children partici...

purpose: to describe the clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of toxic keratopathy in a patient who abused tetracaine drops. case report: a 32-year-old man was referred to the emergency ward of our center with persistent corneal epithelial defect associated with a ring infiltrate in the corneal stroma, without any history of ocular trauma or contact lens use. the patient was hospitalized and...

Background: Wart is a common skin disease that can occur at any age. While they are usually benign and self-limited, they can become irritating and cosmetically disabling to patients. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a topical 85% formic acid preparation with a combination of topical salicylic acid and lactic acid.Methods: We enrolled 66 pa...

A small body of literature has been published reporting the application of topical oxygen for chronic non-healing wounds . Frequently, and erroneously, this form of oxygen administration has been referred to as "topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy" or even more erroneously "hyperbaric oxygen therapy." The advocates of topical oxygen claim several advantages over systemic hyperbaric oxygen includi...