the ecological potential assessment of forest sites introduces an index or indices that show the potential of forest site for fulfillment of special different roles of forest. khanikan forest at chalous needs precise investigation for assessment as indicator of lowland forests in forest ecosystems of northern iranwith considering its location position in caspian lowland and different values. th...

In this paper we study curvature properties of semi - symmetric type of totally umbilical radical transversal lightlike hypersurfaces $(M,g)$ and $(M,widetilde g)$ of a K"ahler-Norden manifold $(overline M,overline J,overline g,overline { widetilde g})$ of constant totally real sectional curvatures $overline nu$ and $overline {widetilde nu}$ ($g$ and $widetilde g$ are the induced metrics on $M$...

The notion of constraint is basic in operations research and artificial intelligence. A constraint describes what are the potentially acceptable decisions (the solutions to a problem) and what are the absolutely unacceptable ones: it is an all-or-nothing matter. Moreover, no constraint can be violated, i.e., a constraint is classically considered as imperative. Especially the violation of a con...

Fuzzy logic systems (FLS) have been used in different applications with satisfactory performance (Wang, 1997). The human perception cannot be modelled by traditional mathematical techniques, thus, the introduction of fuzzy set (FS) theory in this modelling has been suitable (John & Coupland, 2007). When real-world applications are treated, many sources of uncertainty often appear. Several natur...